Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/birkijǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *berkō +‎ *-jǭ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbir.ki.jɔ̃ː/

Noun

*birkijǭ f

1. birch

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *birkijǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*birkijǭ	*birkijōniz
vocative	*birkijǭ	*birkijōniz
accusative	*birkijōnų	*birkijōnunz
genitive	*birkijōniz	*birkijōnǫ̂
dative	*birkijōni	*birkijōmaz
instrumental	*birkijōnē	*birkijōmiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *birkijā
  • Old English: bierċe, birċe, birċiae — early
    • Middle English: birche, byrche, birch, birk, byrke, birke, breche
      • English: birch
      • Northumbrian: birk
      • Scots: birk
  • Old Frisian: birk
    • West Frisian: bjirk
  • Old Saxon: birka, berka
    • Middle Low German: berke, barke
      • Low German: Bark
      • Plautdietsch: Boakj
  • Old Dutch: *berka (attested in Berclar)
    • Middle Dutch: berke
      • Dutch: berk
        • Afrikaans: berk
      • Limburgish: bèrk
  • Old High German: birihha, birka, bircha
    • Middle High German: birke (< birka, bircha)
      • German: Birke
      • Luxembourgish: Bierk
• Old Norse: birkja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: byrkje, birkje, bjørkje