Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/biliz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰil-i-s, from *bʰil- (“good, decent”); the original sense seems to have been "equal, even". Cognate with Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos, “dear, beloved, lief”), Old Irish bil (“good, mild”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbi.liz/

Adjective

*biliz(West Germanic)

1. kind, gentle, merciful
2. decent, fair, equitable

Inflection

Declension of *biliz (i-stem)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*biliz	*biljai	*bilī	*biljôz	*bilį, *-jatō	*biljō
accusative	*biljanǭ	*biljanz	*biljǭ	*biljōz	*bilį, *-jatō	*biljō
genitive	*biljas, *bilis	*biljaizǫ̂	*biljaizōz	*biljaizǫ̂	*biljas, *bilis	*biljaizǫ̂
dative	*biljammai	*biljaimaz	*biljaizōi	*biljaimaz	*biljammai	*biljaimaz
instrumental	*biljanō	*biljaimiz	*biljaizō	*biljaimiz	*biljanō	*biljaimiz
weak declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*biljô	*biljaniz	*biljǭ	*biljōniz	*biljô	*biljōnō
accusative	*biljanų	*biljanunz	*biljōnų	*biljōnunz	*biljô	*biljōnō
genitive	*biliniz	*biljanǫ̂	*biljōniz	*biljōnǫ̂	*biliniz	*biljanǫ̂
dative	*bilini	*biljammaz	*biljōni	*biljōmaz	*bilini	*biljammaz
instrumental	*bilinē	*biljammiz	*biljōnē	*biljōmiz	*bilinē	*biljammiz

Derived terms

• Proto-West Germanic: *bil-līk
• Proto-West Germanic: *biliþī

Descendants

• Old English: bile-, bele (in compounds: bilewit, belewit; bilehwīt)
  • Middle English: bilewit, bilewhit
• Old Frisian: *billīk
  • Saterland Frisian: billich (“fair, equitable, just”)
  • West Frisian: billik, binlik
• Old Saxon: bili (in compound: biliwit; unbilithunga); *billīk
  • Middle Low German: billik, billich, bilk
    • German Low German: billig
      • → Saterland Frisian: billich (“at fair/decent price, inexpensive, cheap”)
      • → Danish: billig
      • → Swedish: billig
• Old Dutch: *biliwit; *bili; *billīk
  • Middle Dutch: beelwitte, belewitte, beluwitte; billic, bilc, billijc
    • Dutch: beeldwit; billijk, billig
      • Afrikaans: billik
• Old High German: bili (in compounds: *biliwiz); billūh, billīh
  • Middle High German: bilewiz, bilwiz, bilwīz; billich
    • Bavarian: büllich, büllig
    • German: billig
    • Yiddish: ביליק (bilik)
    • German: Bilwiz, Bilwis, Bilwiß, Bilweis (“a kind of demon; also a family name”)
    • Luxembourgish: bëlleg