Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arþrą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom. Equivalent to *arjaną +‎ *-þrą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑr.θrɑ̃/

Noun

*arþrą n^[1]

plough

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *arþrą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*arþrą	*arþrō
vocative	*arþrą	*arþrō
accusative	*arþrą	*arþrō
genitive	arþras, arþris	*arþrǫ̂
dative	*arþrai	*arþramaz
instrumental	*arþrō	*arþramiz

Descendants

Old Norse: arðr
- Icelandic: arður
- Norwegian Nynorsk: ard
- Norwegian Bokmål: ard
  - → English: ard
- Old Swedish: arþer n
  - Swedish: årder n
- Danish: ard
→ Proto-Finnic: *atra (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*arþra-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 36

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*arþra-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 36

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