Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þurnaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *þurnuz (reformed as u-stem)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós (“sharp, stiff; thorn”). Related to Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”), Proto-Slavic *tьrnъ (“thorn”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθur.nɑz/

Noun

*þurnaz m

1. thorn, briar

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *þurnaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*þurnaz	*þurnōz, *þurnōs
vocative	*þurn	*þurnōz, *þurnōs
accusative	*þurną	*þurnanz
genitive	*þurnas, *þurnis	*þurnǫ̂
dative	*þurnai	*þurnamaz
instrumental	*þurnō	*þurnamiz

Derived terms

• *þurnatją/*þurnitją
• *þurnijǭ
• *þurnīnaz
• *þurnuhtaz
• Unsorted formations:
  • Old Norse: þyrnir
    • Icelandic: þyrnir
    • Faroese: tyrni- (tyrnikjarr, tyrnirunnur, tyrniviður)
    • Norwegian: tyrner
    • Old Swedish: thø̄rne, thø̄rn
      • Swedish: törne
    • Danish: tjørn, tjørne
    • → Finnish: tyrni

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *þorn
  • Old English: þorn, *ᚦᚩᚱᚾ (*þórn)
    • Middle English: thorn, thorne, thron, thurne, þorn, þorne, þron
      • English: thorn
      • Scots: thorn; torn (Shetland)
      • Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns
  • Old Frisian: thorn
    • North Frisian: Tuurn (Sylt)
    • Saterland Frisian: Touden, Tudden
    • West Frisian: toarne
  • Old Saxon: thorn
    • Middle Low German: dōrn
      • German Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn
  • Old Dutch: thorn
    • Middle Dutch: dorn, dōorn, dōren
      • Dutch: doren, doorn
        • Afrikaans: doring
        • Negerhollands: dorn, doorn
  • Old High German: dorn
    • Middle High German: dorn
      • Alemannic German: Torn
      • Cimbrian: dòrn
      • German: Dorn
      • Hunsrik: Dorn
      • Luxembourgish: Dar
      • Yiddish: דאָרן (dorn)
• Old Norse: þorn
  • Icelandic: þorn
  • Faroese: torn
  • Old Swedish: þorn
    • Swedish: torn
  • Norwegian: torn
  • Danish: torn