Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/txamel-

This Proto-Georgian-Zan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Georgian-Zan

Alternative reconstructions

*txmel- (Klimov)
*txm̥el- (Gamq̇reliʒe–Mač̣avariani)

Etymology

*txam- +‎ *-el

Noun

*txam-el- (Schmidt; Fähnrich–Sarǯvelaʒe)

alder (Alnus gen. et spp.)

Descendants

⇒ Georgian: თხმელა (txmela)
Zan:
- Laz: თხომუ (txomu), თხომბუ (txombu) — Atina, Vizha, Artasheni, Chanapeti, Lome, ნთხომბუ (ntxombu) — Chanapeti, Lome, ნთხომუ (ntxomu) — Borghola, თხომრი (txomri), თხომბრი (txombri)
- Mingrelian: თხუმუ (txumu), თხომუ (txomu)

References

Č̣araia, Ṗeṭre (1895) “Megruli dialekṭis natesaobrivi damoḳidebuleba kartultan [The genetic relation of the Mingrelian dialect to Georgian]”, in Moambe‎^[1] (in Georgian), number 12, Tbilisi, page 113
Čikobava, Arnold (1938) Č̣anur-megrul-kartuli šedarebiti leksiḳoni [Laz–Megrel–Georgian Comparative Dictionary] (Works; IV) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, published 2008, page 140
Schmidt, Karl Horst (1962) Studien zur Rekonstruktion des Lautstandes der südkaukasischen Grundsprache (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes; XXXIV, 3)‎^[2] (in German), Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 116
Gamq̇reliʒe, Tamaz, Mač̣avariani, Givi (1965) Sonanṭta sisṭema da ablauṭi kartvelur enebši [The system of sonants and ablaut in Kartvelian languages]‎^[3] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 110
Gamkrelidze, Thomas V., Mačavariani, Givi I. (1982) Winfried Boeder, transl., Sonantensystem und Ablaut in den Kartwelsprachen: Eine Typologie der Struktur des Gemeinkartwelischen (Ars Linguistica; 10) (in German), Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, page 42
Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*txeml-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 79
Fähnrich, Heinz, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) “*txam-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: University Press, pages 246–247
Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) “*txam-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 205