Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vaivat'ak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]*vaivat'ak (stem *vaivada-)
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *vaivat'ak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *vaivadan | *vaivacin | — | *vaivatkon |
| 2nd sing. | *vaivadat | *vaivacit | *vaivadak | *vaivatkos |
| 3rd sing. | *vaivadapi *vaivat |
*vaivaci | *vaivatkasën | *vaivatkosën |
| 1st plur. | *vaivadakmëk *vaivadakmak |
*vaivacimëk *vaivacimak |
*vaivatkatëmëk *vaivatkatamak |
*vaivatkotëmëk *vaivatkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *vaivadaktëk *vaivadaktak |
*vaivacidëk *vaivacidak |
*vaivatkatë *vaivatkata |
*vaivatkot'ëk *vaivatkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *vaivadabat *vaivat |
*vaivaci | *vaivatkasën | *vaivatkosën |
| passive | *vaivadaksën *vaivadat'aksën |
*vaivattisën *vaivadattihën |
*vaivattakahën *vaivadattagasën |
*vaivattakohën *vaivadattagosën |
| connegative | *vaivadak | — | *vaivatkak | *vaivatkok |
| passive connegative | *vaivadaktak | — | *vaivattagak *vaivadattagak |
*vaivattagok *vaivadattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *vaivadakcin | *vaivacicin | *vaivannën | |
| 2nd sing. | *vaivadakcit | *vaivacicit | *vaivannët | |
| 3rd sing. | *vaivadakci | *vaivacici | *vaivanni | |
| 1st plur. | *vaivadakcimëk *vaivadakcimak |
*vaivacicimëk *vaivacicimak |
*vaivannëmëk *vaivannëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *vaivadakcidëk *vaivadakcidak |
*vaivacicidëk *vaivacicidak |
*vaivannëdëk *vaivannëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *vaivadakci | *vaivacici | *vaivanni | |
| passive | *vaivat'akcihën *vaivadat'akcisën |
*vaivatticihën *vaivadatticisën |
*vaivattanëhën *vaivadattanësën | |
| connegative | *vaivadakcik | *vaivacicik | *vaivannëk | |
| passive connegative | *vaivat'akcik *vaivadat'akcik |
*vaivatticik *vaivadatticik |
*vaivattanëk *vaivadattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *vaivat'ak | present | *vaivadapa | *vaivattapa *vaivadattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *vaivattë- | past | *vaivannut | *vaivattu *vaivadattu |
| gerund/supine | *vaivadama | |||
| action noun | *vaivadaminen | |||
Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: vaevama/vaevata
- Finnish: vaivata
- Ingrian: vaivata
- Karelian:
- Livonian: vǭ’jõ
- Livvi: vaivata
- Võro: vaivama/vaivadaq
- Votic: vaivõtõ
Further reading
[edit]- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “vaiva”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN