Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/satadak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Uralic *śada- (“to rain”).
Verb
[edit]- to fall, to drop (from height)
- to precipitate (i.e. fall from the sky), to rain, to snow
Usage notes
[edit]When used impersonally, the implied meaning would have been "it is raining". The type of precipitation was specified, if necessary, with the noun in the partitive: *satabi vettä (“it's raining water/actual rain”), *satabi lunta (“it's snowing”), *satabi rakehita (“it's hailing”).
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *satadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *sadan | *sadoin | — | *satagon |
| 2nd sing. | *sadat | *sadoit | *sadak | *satagos |
| 3rd sing. | *satabi *sata |
*satoi | *satagasën | *satagosën |
| 1st plur. | *sadakmëk *sadakmak |
*satoimëk *satoimak |
*satagatëmëk *satagatamak |
*satagotëmëk *satagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *sadaktëk *sadaktak |
*satoidëk *satoidak |
*satagatë *satagata |
*satagot'ëk *satagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *satabat *sata |
*satoi | *satagasën | *satagosën |
| passive | *sadaksën *sadat'aksën |
*satadisën *sadattisën |
*satadakahën *sadattakahën |
*satadakohën *sadattakohën |
| connegative | *sadak | — | *satagak | *satagok |
| passive connegative | *sadaktak | — | *satadagak *sadattagak |
*satadagok *sadattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *sadakcin | *satoicin | *satanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *sadakcit | *satoicit | *satanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *sadakci | *satoici | *satani | |
| 1st plur. | *sadakcimëk *sadakcimak |
*satoicimëk *satoicimak |
*satanëmëk *satanëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *sadakcidëk *sadakcidak |
*satoicidëk *satoicidak |
*satanëdëk *satanëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *sadakci | *satoici | *satani | |
| passive | *satadakcihën *sadat'akcihën |
*satadicihën *sadatticihën |
*satadanëhën *sadattanëhën | |
| connegative | *sadakcik | *satoicik | *satanëk | |
| passive connegative | *satadakcik *sadat'akcik |
*satadicik *sadatticik |
*satadanëk *sadattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *satadak | present | *sataba | *satadapa *sadattapa |
| infinitive 2 | *satadë- | past | *satanut | *satadu *sadattu |
| gerund/supine | *satama | |||
| action noun | *sataminen | |||
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: sadama/sadada
- Finnish: sataa
- Ingrian: sattaa
- Karelian:
- Livonian: (Courland) sa’ddõ, (Salaca) sadd
- Veps: sadada
- Võro: sadama/sataq
- Votic: satta
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Uralic *čača- (“to grow”).
Verb
[edit]*satadak (stem *sata-)
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *satadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *sadan | *sadoin | — | *satagon |
| 2nd sing. | *sadat | *sadoit | *sadak | *satagos |
| 3rd sing. | *satabi *sata |
*satoi | *satagasën | *satagosën |
| 1st plur. | *sadakmëk *sadakmak |
*satoimëk *satoimak |
*satagatëmëk *satagatamak |
*satagotëmëk *satagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *sadaktëk *sadaktak |
*satoidëk *satoidak |
*satagatë *satagata |
*satagot'ëk *satagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *satabat *sata |
*satoi | *satagasën | *satagosën |
| passive | *sadaksën *sadat'aksën |
*satadisën *sadattisën |
*satadakahën *sadattakahën |
*satadakohën *sadattakohën |
| connegative | *sadak | — | *satagak | *satagok |
| passive connegative | *sadaktak | — | *satadagak *sadattagak |
*satadagok *sadattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *sadakcin | *satoicin | *satanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *sadakcit | *satoicit | *satanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *sadakci | *satoici | *satani | |
| 1st plur. | *sadakcimëk *sadakcimak |
*satoicimëk *satoicimak |
*satanëmëk *satanëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *sadakcidëk *sadakcidak |
*satoicidëk *satoicidak |
*satanëdëk *satanëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *sadakci | *satoici | *satani | |
| passive | *satadakcihën *sadat'akcihën |
*satadicihën *sadatticihën |
*satadanëhën *sadattanëhën | |
| connegative | *sadakcik | *satoicik | *satanëk | |
| passive connegative | *satadakcik *sadat'akcik |
*satadicik *sadatticik |
*satadanëk *sadattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *satadak | present | *sataba | *satadapa *sadattapa |
| infinitive 2 | *satadë- | past | *satanut | *satadu *sadattu |
| gerund/supine | *satama | |||
| action noun | *sataminen | |||
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Finnish: (dialectal) sataa
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sataa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN