Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sana

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Alternative forms

• *sëna

Etymology

Unknown.

Noun

*sana

1. word

Inflection

Inflection of *sana

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*sana	*sanat
accusative		*sanan	*sanat
genitive		*sanan	*sanadën *sanoidën
partitive		*sanada	*sanoida
inessive		*sanassa *sanahna	*sanoissa *sanoihna
elative		*sanasta	*sanoista
illative		*sanahën	*sanoihën
adessive		*sanalla	*sanoilla
ablative		*sanalta	*sanoilta
allative		*sanalën *sanalëk	*sanoilën *sanoilëk
essive		*sanana	*sanoina
translative		*sanaksi	*sanoiksi
instructive		*sanan	*sanoin
comitative		*sananëk	*sanoinëk
abessive		*sanatta	*sanoitta

Descendants

*sana

• Finnish: sana
• Ingrian: sana
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: šana
  • South Karelian: šana
• Livvi: sana
• Ludian: sana
• Veps: sana
• → Sami:
  • Western:
    • Northern Sami: sátni
    • Lule Sami: satnē
  • Eastern:
    • Inari Sami: sääṇi
    • Skolt Sami: sääʹnn
    • Akkala Sami: саннҍ (sann’)
    • Kildin Sami: са̄ннҍ (sānn’)
    • Ter Sami: са̄ннӭ (sâ̄nn’e)

*sëna

• Estonian: sõna
• Livonian:
  • Courland Livonian: sõnā
  • Vidzeme Livonian: süna
• Võro: syna
• Votic: sõna

Further reading

• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sana”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
• “sõna”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland