Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/rapëda

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

Unclear. Possibly from the same root as *rabistak, or alternatively, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian trapus) +‎ *-ëda.

Adjective

*rapëda

1. brittle, crumbly

Inflection

Inflection of *rapëda

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*rapëda	*rapëdat
accusative		*rapëdan	*rapëdat
genitive		*rapëdan	*rapëdadën *rapëdëidën
partitive		*rapëdata	*rapëdëita
inessive		*rapëdassa *rapëdahna	*rapëdëissa *rapëdëihna
elative		*rapëdasta	*rapëdëista
illative		*rapëdasën	*rapëdëisën
adessive		*rapëdalla	*rapëdëilla
ablative		*rapëdalta	*rapëdëilta
allative		*rapëdalën *rapëdalëk	*rapëdëilën *rapëdëilëk
essive		*rapëdana	*rapëdëina
translative		*rapëdaksi	*rapëdëiksi
instructive		*rapëdan	*rapëdëin
comitative		*rapëdanëk	*rapëdëinëk
abessive		*rapëdatta	*rapëdëitta

Descendants

• Estonian: rabe
• Finnish: rapea
• Ingrian: rappia
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: rapie
• Veps: rabed
• Võro: rapõ
• Votic: rappia

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *frawaz and nativized with +‎ *-ëda.

Adjective

*rapëda

1. brisk, fast

Inflection

Inflection of *rapëda

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*rapëda	*rapëdat
accusative		*rapëdan	*rapëdat
genitive		*rapëdan	*rapëdadën *rapëdëidën
partitive		*rapëdata	*rapëdëita
inessive		*rapëdassa *rapëdahna	*rapëdëissa *rapëdëihna
elative		*rapëdasta	*rapëdëista
illative		*rapëdasën	*rapëdëisën
adessive		*rapëdalla	*rapëdëilla
ablative		*rapëdalta	*rapëdëilta
allative		*rapëdalën *rapëdalëk	*rapëdëilën *rapëdëilëk
essive		*rapëdana	*rapëdëina
translative		*rapëdaksi	*rapëdëiksi
instructive		*rapëdan	*rapëdëin
comitative		*rapëdanëk	*rapëdëinëk
abessive		*rapëdatta	*rapëdëitta

Descendants

• Estonian: rabe
• Finnish: (dialectal) rapea
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: rapie
  • South Karelian: rabie
• Livonian: ra’bdõ
• → Proto-Samic: *rāpëtē (see there for further descendants)

From *ravëda:

• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: ravie
  • South Karelian: ravie
• Livvi: ravei
• Ludian: raved

Further reading

• “rabe”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “rapea”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN