Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kandël

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Disputed; theories include:^[1]^[2]

borrowing from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian kokle and Lithuanian kanklės)^[3]
borrowing from Proto-Slavic *gondtlь
independent derivation from *kantë- (“cover”)
independent derivation from *kanta (“heel”).

Noun

*kandël

kantele

Inflection

Inflection of *kandël

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*kandël	*kantëlët
accusative	*kantëlën	*kantëlët
genitive	*kantëlën	kandëldën kantëlidën
partitive	*kandëlta	*kantëlita
inessive	kantëlëssa kantëlëhna	kantëlissa kantëlihna
elative	*kantëlësta	*kantëlista
illative	*kantëlësën	*kantëlisën
adessive	*kantëlëlla	*kantëlilla
ablative	*kantëlëlta	*kantëlilta
allative	kantëlëlën kantëlëlëk	kantëlilën kantëlilëk
essive	*kandëlla	*kantëlina
translative	*kantëlëksi	*kantëliksi
instructive	*kantëlën	*kantëlin
comitative	*kandëllëk	*kantëlinëk
abessive	*kantëlëtta	*kantëlitta

Descendants

From *kandël:

Estonian: kannel
Finnish: kannel
Ingrian: kannel
Livonian: kāndla
Veps: kandel
Võro: kannõl'
Votic: kannõl

From *kantëlëh:

Finnish: kantele
- → Inari Sami: kaddâlâs
- → Northern Sami: gándil
Karelian:
- North Karelian: kanteleh
- South Karelian: kandeleh
Livvi: kandeleh
Ludian: kandeleh

References

^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
^ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 210

[1] Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

[2] Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

[3] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 210

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