Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kakara

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

According to Aikio (2024), from Proto-Finno-Permic [Term?] (whence also derived Erzya [script needed] (kavoŕks), Moksha [script needed] (kavǝŕks), [script needed] (kavǝrks, “lump, clod (of earth, etc.)”)).

Noun

*kakara

1. lump of dung, dungball
2. lump, clod

Inflection

Inflection of *kakara

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kakara	*kakarat
accusative		*kakaran	*kakarat
genitive		*kakaran	*kakaradën *kakaroidën
partitive		*kakarata	*kakaroita
inessive		*kakarassa *kakarahna	*kakaroissa *kakaroihna
elative		*kakarasta	*kakaroista
illative		*kakarasën	*kakaroisën
adessive		*kakaralla	*kakaroilla
ablative		*kakaralta	*kakaroilta
allative		*kakaralën *kakaralëk	*kakaroilën *kakaroilëk
essive		*kakarana	*kakaroina
translative		*kakaraksi	*kakaroiksi
instructive		*kakaran	*kakaroin
comitative		*kakaranëk	*kakaroinëk
abessive		*kakaratta	*kakaroitta

Descendants

• Estonian: kägar
• Finnish: kakara
• Ingrian: kakara
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: kakara
  • South Karelian: kagara
• Livvi: kagaru, ⇒ kagareh
• Ludian: ⇒ kakark
• → Proto-Samic: *kākēr (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• “kägar”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kakara”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN