Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wolis

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to wound, strike”), see also Latin vulnus (“wound”).^[1]

Noun

*wolis ?^[2]^[3]

blood

Inflection

Masculine/feminine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wolis	*wolī	*wolīs
vocative	*woli	*wolī	*wolīs
accusative	*wolim	*wolī	*wolims
genitive	*woleis	*wolyow	*wolyom
dative	*wolei	*wolibom	*wolibos
locative	*wolei	*?	*?
instrumental	*wolī	*wolibim	*wolibis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Breton: goulyow
- Cornish: goly
- Middle Welsh: gweli (“wound, blood”)
Old Irish: fuil
- Middle Irish: fuil
  - Irish: fuil
  - Manx: fuill
  - Scottish Gaelic: fuil

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1144”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1144
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*weli-, *woli-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 410
^ Koch, John (2004) English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1144”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1144

[Matasovic-2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*weli-, *woli-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 410

[3] Koch, John (2004) English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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