Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/weleti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to see”).

Verb

*weleti

1. to see

Inflection

Thematic present
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*welū	*welemam	?	—
2nd singular	*welesi	*weletās	?	—
3rd singular	*weleti	*weleto	?	—
1st plural	*welomosi	*welemo	?	—
2nd plural	*weletesi	*welestē	?	—
3rd plural	*welonti	*welento	?	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	?	—
2nd singular	?	?	*wele
3rd singular	?	?	*weletou
1st plural	?	?	*welomos
2nd plural	?	?	*welete
3rd plural	?	?	*welontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*welūr	—	?	—
2nd singular	*weletar	—	?	—
3rd singular	*weletor	?	?	—
1st plural	*welommor	—	?	—
2nd plural	*weledwe	—	?	—
3rd plural	*welontor	?	?	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	—	—
2nd singular	?	—	—
3rd singular	?	—	—
1st plural	?	—	—
2nd plural	?	—	—
3rd plural	?	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*welonts	*welonte	*welontes
vocative	*welonts	*welonte	*welontes
accusative	*welontam	*welonte	*welontans
genitive	*welantos	*?	*welantom
dative	*welantei	*welantbom	*welantbos
instrumental	*welantī?	*welantbim	*welantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*welantī	*welantī	*welantiyās
vocative	*welantī	*welantī	*welantiyās
accusative	*welantīm	*welantī	*welantiyans
genitive	*welantyās	*?	*welantyom
dative	*welantyāi	*welantyābom	*welantyābos
instrumental	*?	*welantyābim	*welantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*welont	*?	*welonta
vocative	*welont	*?	*welonta
accusative	*welont	*?	*welonta
genitive	*welantos	*?	*welantom
dative	*welantei	*?	*welantbos
instrumental	*welantī?	*?	*welantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*welomnos	*welomnou	*welomnoi
vocative	*welomne	*welomnou	*welomnoi
accusative	*welomnom	*welomnou	*welomnons
genitive	*welomnī	*welomnous	*welomnom
dative	*welomnūi	*welomnobom	*welomnobos
instrumental	*welomnū	*welomnobim	*welomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*welomnā	*welomnai	*welomnās
vocative	*welomnā	*welomnai	*welomnās
accusative	*welomnam	*welomnai	*welomnans
genitive	*welomnās	*welomnous	*welomnom
dative	*welomnai	*welomnābom	*welomnābos
instrumental	*?	*welomnābim	*welomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*welomnom	*welomnou	*welomnā
vocative	*welomnom	*welomnou	*welomnā
accusative	*welomnom	*welomnou	*welomnā
genitive	*welomnī	*welomnous	*welomnom
dative	*welomnūi	*welomnobom	*welomnobos
instrumental	*welomnū	*welomnobim	*welomnobis

Descendants

The verb ceased to exist with this meaning in Old Irish but its imperative was inherited with a shift from "see!" to "there is".

• Proto-Brythonic: *gwelɨd
  • Old Breton: guelhum (1pl. subj.)
    • Middle Breton: guelet
      • Breton: gwelet
  • Cornish: gweles
  • Middle Welsh: gwelet
    • Welsh: gweled, gweld
• Old Irish: fil (“there is”)
  • Irish: fuil
  • Scottish Gaelic: bheil