Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/skanndeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to jump”). Cognate to Sanskrit स्कन्द् (skand, “to leap, jump”) and Latin scandō (“to climb, mount”).^[1]

Verb

*skanndeti^[2]

to spring

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*skanndū	*skanndemam	*siskantsū	*seskonda
2nd singular	*skanndesi	*skanndetās	*siskantsesi	*seskondas?
3rd singular	*skanndeti	*skanndeto	*siskantseti	*seskonde
1st plural	*skanndomosi	*skanndemo	*siskantsomosi	*seskondmo
2nd plural	*skanndetesi	*skanndestē	*siskantsetesi	*seskonsse
3rd plural	*skanndonti	*skanndento	*siskantsonti	*seskondars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*skentsū	?	—
2nd singular	*skentsesi	?	*skannde
3rd singular	*skentseti	?	*skanndetou
1st plural	*skentsomosi	?	*skanndomos
2nd plural	*skentsetesi	?	*skanndete
3rd plural	*skentsonti	?	*skanndontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*skanndūr	—	*siskantsūr	*seskondra
2nd singular	*skanndetar	—	*siskantsetar	*seskondras?
3rd singular	*skanndetor	?	*siskantsetor	*seskondre
1st plural	*skanndommor	—	*siskantsommor	?
2nd plural	*skanndedwe	—	*siskantsedwe	?
3rd plural	*skanndontor	?	*siskantsontor	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*skentsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*skentsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*skentsetor	—	—
1st plural	*skentsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*skentsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*skentsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skanndonts	*skanndonte	*skanndontes
vocative	*skanndonts	*skanndonte	*skanndontes
accusative	*skanndontam	*skanndonte	*skanndontans
genitive	*skanndantos	*?	*skanndantom
dative	*skanndantei	*skanndantbom	*skanndantbos
instrumental	*skanndantī?	*skanndantbim	*skanndantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skanndantī	*skanndantī	*skanndantiyās
vocative	*skanndantī	*skanndantī	*skanndantiyās
accusative	*skanndantīm	*skanndantī	*skanndantiyans
genitive	*skanndantyās	*?	*skanndantyom
dative	*skanndantyāi	*skanndantyābom	*skanndantyābos
instrumental	*?	*skanndantyābim	*skanndantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skanndont	*?	*skanndonta
vocative	*skanndont	*?	*skanndonta
accusative	*skanndont	*?	*skanndonta
genitive	*skanndantos	*?	*skanndantom
dative	*skanndantei	*?	*skanndantbos
instrumental	*skanndantī?	*?	*skanndantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skanndomnos	*skanndomnou	*skanndomnoi
vocative	*skanndomne	*skanndomnou	*skanndomnoi
accusative	*skanndomnom	*skanndomnou	*skanndomnons
genitive	*skanndomnī	*skanndomnous	*skanndomnom
dative	*skanndomnūi	*skanndomnobom	*skanndomnobos
instrumental	*skanndomnū	*skanndomnobim	*skanndomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skanndomnā	*skanndomnai	*skanndomnās
vocative	*skanndomnā	*skanndomnai	*skanndomnās
accusative	*skanndomnam	*skanndomnai	*skanndomnans
genitive	*skanndomnās	*skanndomnous	*skanndomnom
dative	*skanndomnai	*skanndomnābom	*skanndomnābos
instrumental	*?	*skanndomnābim	*skanndomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skanndomnom	*skanndomnou	*skanndomnā
vocative	*skanndomnom	*skanndomnou	*skanndomnā
accusative	*skanndomnom	*skanndomnou	*skanndomnā
genitive	*skanndomnī	*skanndomnous	*skanndomnom
dative	*skanndomnūi	*skanndomnobom	*skanndomnobos
instrumental	*skanndomnū	*skanndomnobim	*skanndomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skansos	*skansou	*skansoi
vocative	*skanse	*skansou	*skansoi
accusative	*skansom	*skansou	*skansons
genitive	*skansī	*skansous	*skansom
dative	*skansūi	*skansobom	*skansobos
instrumental	*skansū	*skansobim	*skansobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skansā	*skansai	*skansās
vocative	*skansā	*skansai	*skansās
accusative	*skansam	*skansai	*skansans
genitive	*skansās	*skansous	*skansom
dative	*skansai	*skansābom	*skansābos
instrumental	*?	*skansābim	*skansābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skansom	*skansou	*skansā
vocative	*skansom	*skansou	*skansā
accusative	*skansom	*skansou	*skansā
genitive	*skansī	*skansous	*skansom
dative	*skansūi	*skansobom	*skansobos
instrumental	*skansū	*skansobim	*skansobis

Related terms

*exs-skend-om
- Middle Welsh: echwyn
*kom-skend-om
- Middle Welsh: cychwyn

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Welsh: ysgein
Old Irish: sceindid
- Middle Irish: sceinnid
  - Irish: scinn
  - Scottish Gaelic: sginn

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*skan-n-do-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 339-340
^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 574-575

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*skan-n-do-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 339-340

[2] Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 574-575

[1]

[2]