Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/nawametos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

**Proto-Celtic numbers ^(edit)**
← 8	9	10 → ^{[a], [b]}
Cardinal: nowan Ordinal: nawametos, nowanos, nowantos

Etymology

The derivational chain for this word is different depending on which of *nawametos or *nowametos is to be reconstructed.

Assuming *nawametos, McCone and Stifter derive this from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥wn̥(h₂)ós (a thematicization of the cardinal, but with all non-final syllables zero-graded) > *anwanos > *nawanos (with *n moved back to the beginning of the word by analogy to the cardinal) > *nawametos (reformed by analogy to *sextametos (“seventh”) and *dekametos (“tenth”)).^[1]^[2]
Assuming *nowametos, Prósper starts with original simple thematic *nowanos > *nowantos > *nowametos.^[3]

Adjective

*nawametos^[4]^[5]^[6]^[1]^[7]

ninth

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*nawametos	*nawametou	*nawametoi
vocative	*nawamete	*nawametou	*nawametoi
accusative	*nawametom	*nawametou	*nawametons
genitive	*nawametī	*nawametous	*nawametom
dative	*nawametūi	*nawametobom	*nawametobos
instrumental	*nawametū	*nawametobim	*nawametobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*nawametā	*nawametai	*nawametās
vocative	*nawametā	*nawametai	*nawametās
accusative	*nawametam	*nawametai	*nawametans
genitive	*nawametās	*nawametous	*nawametom
dative	*nawametai	*nawametābom	*nawametābos
instrumental	*?	*nawametābim	*nawametābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*nawametom	*nawametou	*nawametā
vocative	*nawametom	*nawametou	*nawametā
accusative	*nawametom	*nawametou	*nawametā
genitive	*nawametī	*nawametous	*nawametom
dative	*nawametūi	*nawametobom	*nawametobos
instrumental	*nawametū	*nawametobim	*nawametobis

Reconstruction notes

The Gaulish form is usually seen to be yielded from a special loss of *-w-:^[1]^[7] *nawametos > *naametos > *nāmetos. Despite McCone's hints to the contrary, *nāmetos cannot be the immediate preform of nawfed and its other Brittonic cognates (**nofed would be expected).

Alternative reconstructions

*nowametos^[8]^[3]

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *nawβ̃ed
- Breton: navet, naved
- Cornish: nawves, nawhes
- Welsh: nawfed
Old Irish: nómad, nómet
- Middle Irish: nómad
  - Irish: naoú
Gaulish: nametos

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kim McCone (1994) “An tSean-Ghaeilge agus a Réamhstair”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, pages 208-209
^ Lambert, Pierre-Yves, Stifter, David (2012) “Le plomb gaulois de Rezé”, in Études Celtiques, volume 38, page 159
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Prósper, Blanca María (2014-2015) “The Indo-European ordinal numerals ‘fourth’ and ‘fifth’ and the reconstruction of the Celtic and Italic numeral systems”, in Die Sprache, volume 51, number 1, page 22
^ Stifter, David (1999) “A Contribution to Celtiberian Etymology”, in Die Sprache, volume 41, page 61
^ Koch, John (2004) “ninth”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, pages 233-234
^ Deshayes, Albert (2003) Dictionnaire étymologique du breton (in French), Douarnenez: Le Chasse-Marée, →ISBN, page 533
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “nametos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 231
^ De Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (2013) “Celtic ‘son’, ‘daughter’, other descendants, and *sunus in Early Celtic”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 118, →DOI, →ISSN, page 267

[SnaG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kim McCone (1994) “An tSean-Ghaeilge agus a Réamhstair”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, pages 208-209

[2] Lambert, Pierre-Yves, Stifter, David (2012) “Le plomb gaulois de Rezé”, in Études Celtiques, volume 38, page 159

[Prosper-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Prósper, Blanca María (2014-2015) “The Indo-European ordinal numerals ‘fourth’ and ‘fifth’ and the reconstruction of the Celtic and Italic numeral systems”, in Die Sprache, volume 51, number 1, page 22

[4] Stifter, David (1999) “A Contribution to Celtiberian Etymology”, in Die Sprache, volume 41, page 61

[5] Koch, John (2004) “ninth”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, pages 233-234

[6] Deshayes, Albert (2003) Dictionnaire étymologique du breton (in French), Douarnenez: Le Chasse-Marée, →ISBN, page 533

[DLG-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “nametos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 231

[8] De Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (2013) “Celtic ‘son’, ‘daughter’, other descendants, and *sunus in Early Celtic”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 118, →DOI, →ISSN, page 267

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