Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/loutus
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- Pokorny suggests a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”); see also *lowatrom (“bath”).[1]
- Or, possibly related to *lutā (“dirt, mud”), from Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“dirt”) (Ancient Greek λῦμα (lûma, “dirt”), Latin lutum (“mud”)).
- Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit उल्का (ulkā, “meteor, firebrand, torch”).[2]
Noun
[edit]*loutus f[3]
- ash from a fire
Declension
[edit]| Masculine/feminine u-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *loutus | *loutū | *loutowes |
| vocative | *loutu | *loutū | *loutūs |
| accusative | *loutum | *loutū | *loutums |
| genitive | *loutous | *loutous | *loutowom |
| dative | *loutou | *loutubom | *loutubos |
| locative | *? | *? | *? |
| instrumental | *loutū | *loutubim | *loutubis |
Reconstruction notes
[edit]All Celtic descendants can be unified under a reconstruction *loutwis, but such a mechanical reconstruction would have rather odd suffixation (an i-stem on top of a u-stem).
- Matasović supposes separate later extensions, *loutwos for Brythonic and *loutwis for Goidelic. However, *loutwos is unnecessary to reconstruct if *loutwis is also reconstructed, as Proto-Celtic diphthongs and their Brythonic reflexes generally cannot be i-affected, and short i in final syllables can only i-affect *e anyhow.
- De Bernardo Stempel prefers an a-stem *loutā that secondarily turned into an i-stem in Old Irish, but she has no idea of how to derive the Brythonic material.[4]
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “lou-, lou̯ǝ-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 692
- ^ Monier Williams (1872) “उल्का ulkā”, in A Sanskṛit–English Dictionary: […], Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 218, column 3.
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*lowtus-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 246
- ^ Irslinger, Britta Sofie (2002) Abstrakta mit Dentalsuffixen im Altirischen [Abstracts with Dental Suffixes in Old Irish] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, →ISBN, page 115