Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kulɸom

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unclear; it has been compared with Latin culpa (“blame, guilt, crime”), and *ɸ may be reconstructed if the comparison is valid. It has also alternatively been compared to Latin scelus (“crime, criminal”), but the -u- is harder to explain that way.

Noun

*kulɸom n

1. sin
2. violation

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kulɸom	*kulɸou	*kulɸā
vocative	*kulɸom	*kulɸou	*kulɸā
accusative	*kulɸom	*kulɸou	*kulɸā
genitive	*kulɸī	*kulɸous	*kulɸom
dative	*kulɸūi	*kulɸobom	*kulɸobos
locative	*kulɸei	*?	*?
instrumental	*kulɸū	*kulɸobim	*kulɸūis

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *kul
  • Old Breton: col
  • Middle Welsh: cwl, kwl, cul
    • Welsh: cŵl
• Old Irish: col
  • Irish: col
  • Scottish Gaelic: col (“incest”)