Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/krideti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Usually compared to Sanskrit कृधु (kṛdhu, “shortened”);^[1] the root may be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).^[2]

Verb

*krideti

to shrink

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*kridū	*kridemam	*kikritsū	*karda
2nd singular	*kridesi	*kridetās	*kikritsesi	*kardas?
3rd singular	*krideti	*krideto	*kikritseti	*karde
1st plural	*kridomosi	*kridemo	*kikritsomosi	*kardmo
2nd plural	*kridetesi	*kridestē	*kikritsetesi	*karsse
3rd plural	*kridonti	*kridento	*kikritsonti	*kardars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*kertsū	?	—
2nd singular	*kertsesi	?	*kride
3rd singular	*kertseti	?	*kridetou
1st plural	*kertsomosi	?	*kridomos
2nd plural	*kertsetesi	?	*kridete
3rd plural	*kertsonti	?	*kridontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*kridūr	—	*kikritsūr	*kardra
2nd singular	*kridetar	—	*kikritsetar	*kardras?
3rd singular	*kridetor	?	*kikritsetor	*kardre
1st plural	*kridommor	—	*kikritsommor	?
2nd plural	*kridedwe	—	*kikritsedwe	?
3rd plural	*kridontor	?	*kikritsontor	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*kertsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*kertsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*kertsetor	—	—
1st plural	*kertsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*kertsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*kertsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kridonts	*kridonte	*kridontes
vocative	*kridonts	*kridonte	*kridontes
accusative	*kridontam	*kridonte	*kridontans
genitive	*kridantos	*?	*kridantom
dative	*kridantei	*kridantbom	*kridantbos
instrumental	*kridantī?	*kridantbim	*kridantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kridantī	*kridantī	*kridantiyās
vocative	*kridantī	*kridantī	*kridantiyās
accusative	*kridantīm	*kridantī	*kridantiyans
genitive	*kridantyās	*?	*kridantyom
dative	*kridantyāi	*kridantyābom	*kridantyābos
instrumental	*?	*kridantyābim	*kridantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kridont	*?	*kridonta
vocative	*kridont	*?	*kridonta
accusative	*kridont	*?	*kridonta
genitive	*kridantos	*?	*kridantom
dative	*kridantei	*?	*kridantbos
instrumental	*kridantī?	*?	*kridantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kridomnos	*kridomnou	*kridomnoi
vocative	*kridomne	*kridomnou	*kridomnoi
accusative	*kridomnom	*kridomnou	*kridomnons
genitive	*kridomnī	*kridomnous	*kridomnom
dative	*kridomnūi	*kridomnobom	*kridomnobos
instrumental	*kridomnū	*kridomnobim	*kridomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kridomnā	*kridomnai	*kridomnās
vocative	*kridomnā	*kridomnai	*kridomnās
accusative	*kridomnam	*kridomnai	*kridomnans
genitive	*kridomnās	*kridomnous	*kridomnom
dative	*kridomnai	*kridomnābom	*kridomnābos
instrumental	*?	*kridomnābim	*kridomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kridomnom	*kridomnou	*kridomnā
vocative	*kridomnom	*kridomnou	*kridomnā
accusative	*kridomnom	*kridomnou	*kridomnā
genitive	*kridomnī	*kridomnous	*kridomnom
dative	*kridomnūi	*kridomnobom	*kridomnobos
instrumental	*kridomnū	*kridomnobim	*kridomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*krissos	*krissou	*krissoi
vocative	*krisse	*krissou	*krissoi
accusative	*krissom	*krissou	*krissons
genitive	*krissī	*krissous	*krissom
dative	*krissūi	*krissobom	*krissobos
instrumental	*krissū	*krissobim	*krissobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*krissā	*krissai	*krissās
vocative	*krissā	*krissai	*krissās
accusative	*krissam	*krissai	*krissans
genitive	*krissās	*krissous	*krissom
dative	*krissai	*krissābom	*krissābos
instrumental	*?	*krissābim	*krissābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*krissom	*krissou	*krissā
vocative	*krissom	*krissou	*krissā
accusative	*krissom	*krissou	*krissā
genitive	*krissī	*krissous	*krissom
dative	*krissūi	*krissobom	*krissobos
instrumental	*krissū	*krissobim	*krissobis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Breton: crez (“stingy”)
  - Breton: krez
- Middle Welsh: cryðu
Middle Irish: cres (“narrow”) (from past participle), ⇒ credba, credbaid (from derivative *krid-w-o/ā-)

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*krid-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 223
^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, page 360

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*krid-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 223

[2] Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, page 360

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