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Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kawyos

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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *keh₃w-, reconstructed as such by Zair.

Cognacy with Latin cavus is widely agreed upon.[1] Other than that, Zair and Matasović disagree on virtually everything to do with this word.

Adjective

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*kawyos[2]

  1. hollow

Inflection

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O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *kawyos *kawyou *kawyoi
vocative *kawye *kawyou *kawyoi
accusative *kawyom *kawyou *kawyons
genitive *kawyī *kawyous *kawyom
dative *kawyūi *kawyobom *kawyobos
instrumental *kawyū *kawyobim *kawyobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *kawyā *kawyai *kawyās
vocative *kawyā *kawyai *kawyās
accusative *kawyam *kawyai *kawyans
genitive *kawyās *kawyous *kawyom
dative *kawyai *kawyābom *kawyābos
instrumental *? *kawyābim *kawyābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *kawyom *kawyou *kawyā
vocative *kawyom *kawyou *kawyā
accusative *kawyom *kawyou *kawyā
genitive *kawyī *kawyous *kawyom
dative *kawyūi *kawyobom *kawyobos
instrumental *kawyū *kawyobim *kawyobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *kawyūs *? *kawyoses
vocative *kawyūs *? *kawyoses
accusative *kawyosam *? *kawyosans
genitive *kawyisos *? *kawyisom
dative *kawyisei *? *kawyisbos
instrumental *kawyisī *? *kawyisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *kawyūs *? *kawyoses
vocative *kawyūs *? *kawyoses
accusative *kawyosam *? *kawyosans
genitive *kawyisos *? *kawyisom
dative *kawyisei *? *kawyisbos
instrumental *kawyisī *? *kawyisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *kawyis *? *?
vocative *kawyis *? *?
accusative *kawyis *? *?
genitive *kawyisos *? *kawyisom
dative *kawyisei *? *kawyisbos
instrumental *kawyisī *? *kawyisbis

Descendants

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  • Proto-Brythonic: *kėw, *kow, *küw
    • Middle Breton: queu
    • Middle Cornish: *kew (see notes)
    • Middle Welsh: keu
  • Old Irish: caue, cuae

References

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  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kuwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 230
  2. ^ Zair, Nicholas (2011) “Olr cuae, MW keu, MB queu 'hollow'”, in Ériu[1], volume 61