Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/katyeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *keh₂t-, compare Russian катать (katatʹ, “to rush, roll”). The original meaning of "throw" for the Irish word is assumed by Matasovic, though this use is not actually attested.

Verb

*katyeti

1. to throw

Declension

Thematic present
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*katyū	*katyemam	?	—
2nd singular	*katyesi	*katyetās	?	—
3rd singular	*katyeti	*katyeto	?	—
1st plural	*katyomosi	*katyemo	?	—
2nd plural	*katyetesi	*katyestē	?	—
3rd plural	*katyonti	*katyento	?	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	?	—
2nd singular	?	?	*katye
3rd singular	?	?	*katyetou
1st plural	?	?	*katyomos
2nd plural	?	?	*katyete
3rd plural	?	?	*katyontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*katyūr	—	?	—
2nd singular	*katyetar	—	?	—
3rd singular	*katyetor	?	?	—
1st plural	*katyommor	—	?	—
2nd plural	*katyedwe	—	?	—
3rd plural	*katyontor	?	?	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	—	—
2nd singular	?	—	—
3rd singular	?	—	—
1st plural	?	—	—
2nd plural	?	—	—
3rd plural	?	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*katyonts	*katyonte	*katyontes
vocative	*katyonts	*katyonte	*katyontes
accusative	*katyontam	*katyonte	*katyontans
genitive	*katyantos	*?	*katyantom
dative	*katyantei	*katyantbom	*katyantbos
instrumental	*katyantī?	*katyantbim	*katyantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*katyantī	*katyantī	*katyantiyās
vocative	*katyantī	*katyantī	*katyantiyās
accusative	*katyantīm	*katyantī	*katyantiyans
genitive	*katyantyās	*?	*katyantyom
dative	*katyantyāi	*katyantyābom	*katyantyābos
instrumental	*?	*katyantyābim	*katyantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*katyont	*?	*katyonta
vocative	*katyont	*?	*katyonta
accusative	*katyont	*?	*katyonta
genitive	*katyantos	*?	*katyantom
dative	*katyantei	*?	*katyantbos
instrumental	*katyantī?	*?	*katyantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*katyomnos	*katyomnou	*katyomnoi
vocative	*katyomne	*katyomnou	*katyomnoi
accusative	*katyomnom	*katyomnou	*katyomnons
genitive	*katyomnī	*katyomnous	*katyomnom
dative	*katyomnūi	*katyomnobom	*katyomnobos
instrumental	*katyomnū	*katyomnobim	*katyomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*katyomnā	*katyomnai	*katyomnās
vocative	*katyomnā	*katyomnai	*katyomnās
accusative	*katyomnam	*katyomnai	*katyomnans
genitive	*katyomnās	*katyomnous	*katyomnom
dative	*katyomnai	*katyomnābom	*katyomnābos
instrumental	*?	*katyomnābim	*katyomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*katyomnom	*katyomnou	*katyomnā
vocative	*katyomnom	*katyomnou	*katyomnā
accusative	*katyomnom	*katyomnou	*katyomnā
genitive	*katyomnī	*katyomnous	*katyomnom
dative	*katyomnūi	*katyomnobom	*katyomnobos
instrumental	*katyomnū	*katyomnobim	*katyomnobis

Descendants

• Old Irish: caithid (“use, consume”)
  • Middle Irish: caithid (“use, consume; throw”)
    • Irish: caith
    • Scottish Gaelic: caith
    • Manx: ceau
• Gaulish: *kateya
  • → Latin: catēia (“projectile”)