Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kageti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kagʰ-.

Verb

*kageti

1. to get

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*kagū	*kagemam	*kikaxsū	*kāga
2nd singular	*kagesi	*kagetās	*kikaxsesi	*kāgas?
3rd singular	*kageti	*kageto	*kikaxseti	*kāge
1st plural	*kagomosi	*kagemo	*kikaxsomosi	*kāgmo
2nd plural	*kagetesi	*kagestē	*kikaxsetesi	*kāxte
3rd plural	*kagonti	*kagento	*kikaxsonti	*kāgars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*kaxsū	?	—
2nd singular	*kaxsesi	?	*kage
3rd singular	*kaxseti	?	*kagetou
1st plural	*kaxsomosi	?	*kagomos
2nd plural	*kaxsetesi	?	*kagete
3rd plural	*kaxsonti	?	*kagontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*kagūr	—	*kikaxsūr	*kāgra
2nd singular	*kagetar	—	*kikaxsetar	*kāgras?
3rd singular	*kagetor	?	*kikaxsetor	*kāgre
1st plural	*kagommor	—	*kikaxsommor	?
2nd plural	*kagedwe	—	*kikaxsedwe	?
3rd plural	*kagontor	?	*kikaxsontor	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*kaxsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*kaxsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*kaxsetor	—	—
1st plural	*kaxsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*kaxsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*kaxsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kagonts	*kagonte	*kagontes
vocative	*kagonts	*kagonte	*kagontes
accusative	*kagontam	*kagonte	*kagontans
genitive	*kagantos	*?	*kagantom
dative	*kagantei	*kagantbom	*kagantbos
instrumental	*kagantī?	*kagantbim	*kagantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kagantī	*kagantī	*kagantiyās
vocative	*kagantī	*kagantī	*kagantiyās
accusative	*kagantīm	*kagantī	*kagantiyans
genitive	*kagantyās	*?	*kagantyom
dative	*kagantyāi	*kagantyābom	*kagantyābos
instrumental	*?	*kagantyābim	*kagantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kagont	*?	*kagonta
vocative	*kagont	*?	*kagonta
accusative	*kagont	*?	*kagonta
genitive	*kagantos	*?	*kagantom
dative	*kagantei	*?	*kagantbos
instrumental	*kagantī?	*?	*kagantbis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kaxtos	*kaxtou	*kaxtoi
vocative	*kaxte	*kaxtou	*kaxtoi
accusative	*kaxtom	*kaxtou	*kaxtons
genitive	*kaxtī	*kaxtous	*kaxtom
dative	*kaxtūi	*kaxtobom	*kaxtobos
instrumental	*kaxtū	*kaxtobim	*kaxtobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kaxtā	*kaxtai	*kaxtās
vocative	*kaxtā	*kaxtai	*kaxtās
accusative	*kaxtam	*kaxtai	*kaxtans
genitive	*kaxtās	*kaxtous	*kaxtom
dative	*kaxtai	*kaxtābom	*kaxtābos
instrumental	*?	*kaxtābim	*kaxtābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kaxtom	*kaxtou	*kaxtā
vocative	*kaxtom	*kaxtou	*kaxtā
accusative	*kaxtom	*kaxtou	*kaxtā
genitive	*kaxtī	*kaxtous	*kaxtom
dative	*kaxtūi	*kaxtobom	*kaxtobos
instrumental	*kaxtū	*kaxtobim	*kaxtobis

Derived terms

• *kaglā

Descendants

This verb shows extensive hybridization with close-in-meaning *gabyeti throughout Brittonic, causing all reflexes of that verb to start with a *k. In modern Welsh, these two verbs merged into one paradigm.

• Proto-Brythonic: *kėɣɨd
  • Old Welsh: ci (2sg. pres.)
    • Middle Welsh: cael
      • Welsh: cael (merged with caffael from *gabyeti)