Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kageti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *kagʰ-.[1]
Verb
[edit]*kageti
- to get
Inflection
[edit]| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *kagū | *kagemam | *kikaxsū | *kāga |
| 2nd singular | *kagesi | *kagetās | *kikaxsesi | *kāgas? |
| 3rd singular | *kageti | *kageto | *kikaxseti | *kāge |
| 1st plural | *kagomosi | *kagemo | *kikaxsomosi | *kāgmo |
| 2nd plural | *kagetesi | *kagestē | *kikaxsetesi | *kāxte |
| 3rd plural | *kagonti | *kagento | *kikaxsonti | *kāgars |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *kaxsū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *kaxsesi | ? | *kage | |
| 3rd singular | *kaxseti | ? | *kagetou | |
| 1st plural | *kaxsomosi | ? | *kagomos | |
| 2nd plural | *kaxsetesi | ? | *kagete | |
| 3rd plural | *kaxsonti | ? | *kagontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *kagūr | — | *kikaxsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *kagetar | — | *kikaxsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *kagetor | ? | *kikaxsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *kagommor | — | *kikaxsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *kagedwe | — | *kikaxsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *kagontor | ? | *kikaxsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *kaxsūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *kaxsetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *kaxsetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *kaxsommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *kaxsedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *kaxsontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kaxtos | *kaxtou | *kaxtoi |
| vocative | *kaxte | *kaxtou | *kaxtoi |
| accusative | *kaxtom | *kaxtou | *kaxtoms |
| genitive | *kaxtī | *kaxtous | *kaxtom |
| dative | *kaxtūi | *kaxtobom | *kaxtobos |
| instrumental | *kaxtū | *kaxtobim | *kaxtobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kaxtā | *kaxtai | *kaxtās |
| vocative | *kaxtā | *kaxtai | *kaxtās |
| accusative | *kaxtam | *kaxtai | *kaxtams |
| genitive | *kaxtās | *kaxtous | *kaxtom |
| dative | *kaxtai | *kaxtābom | *kaxtābos |
| instrumental | *? | *kaxtābim | *kaxtābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kaxtom | *kaxtou | *kaxtā |
| vocative | *kaxtom | *kaxtou | *kaxtā |
| accusative | *kaxtom | *kaxtou | *kaxtā |
| genitive | *kaxtī | *kaxtous | *kaxtom |
| dative | *kaxtūi | *kaxtobom | *kaxtobos |
| instrumental | *kaxtū | *kaxtobim | *kaxtobis |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]This verb shows extensive hybridization with close-in-meaning *gabyeti throughout Brittonic, causing all reflexes of that verb to start with a *k. In modern Welsh, these two verbs merged into one paradigm.[2]
- Proto-Brythonic: *kėɣɨd
References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 387