Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷokʷeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti, a thematic present from *pekʷ- (“to cook”). This verb contains an assimilation of *p-kʷ to *kʷ-kʷ followed by a sporadic vowel rounding of *e to o when surrounded by two labiovelars.

Verb

*kʷokʷeti

1. to cook

Inflection

Thematic present
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*kʷokʷū	*kʷokʷemam	?	—
2nd singular	*kʷokʷesi	*kʷokʷetās	?	—
3rd singular	*kʷokʷeti	*kʷokʷeto	?	—
1st plural	*kʷokʷomosi	*kʷokʷemo	?	—
2nd plural	*kʷokʷetesi	*kʷokʷestē	?	—
3rd plural	*kʷokʷonti	*kʷokʷento	?	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	?	—
2nd singular	?	?	*kʷokʷe
3rd singular	?	?	*kʷokʷetou
1st plural	?	?	*kʷokʷomos
2nd plural	?	?	*kʷokʷete
3rd plural	?	?	*kʷokʷontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*kʷokʷūr	—	?	—
2nd singular	*kʷokʷetar	—	?	—
3rd singular	*kʷokʷetor	?	?	—
1st plural	*kʷokʷommor	—	?	—
2nd plural	*kʷokʷedwe	—	?	—
3rd plural	*kʷokʷontor	?	?	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	—	—
2nd singular	?	—	—
3rd singular	?	—	—
1st plural	?	—	—
2nd plural	?	—	—
3rd plural	?	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷokʷonts	*kʷokʷonte	*kʷokʷontes
vocative	*kʷokʷonts	*kʷokʷonte	*kʷokʷontes
accusative	*kʷokʷontam	*kʷokʷonte	*kʷokʷontans
genitive	*kʷokʷantos	*?	*kʷokʷantom
dative	*kʷokʷantei	*kʷokʷantbom	*kʷokʷantbos
instrumental	*kʷokʷantī?	*kʷokʷantbim	*kʷokʷantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷokʷantī	*kʷokʷantī	*kʷokʷantiyās
vocative	*kʷokʷantī	*kʷokʷantī	*kʷokʷantiyās
accusative	*kʷokʷantīm	*kʷokʷantī	*kʷokʷantiyans
genitive	*kʷokʷantyās	*?	*kʷokʷantyom
dative	*kʷokʷantyāi	*kʷokʷantyābom	*kʷokʷantyābos
instrumental	*?	*kʷokʷantyābim	*kʷokʷantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷokʷont	*?	*kʷokʷonta
vocative	*kʷokʷont	*?	*kʷokʷonta
accusative	*kʷokʷont	*?	*kʷokʷonta
genitive	*kʷokʷantos	*?	*kʷokʷantom
dative	*kʷokʷantei	*?	*kʷokʷantbos
instrumental	*kʷokʷantī?	*?	*kʷokʷantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷokʷomnos	*kʷokʷomnou	*kʷokʷomnoi
vocative	*kʷokʷomne	*kʷokʷomnou	*kʷokʷomnoi
accusative	*kʷokʷomnom	*kʷokʷomnou	*kʷokʷomnons
genitive	*kʷokʷomnī	*kʷokʷomnous	*kʷokʷomnom
dative	*kʷokʷomnūi	*kʷokʷomnobom	*kʷokʷomnobos
instrumental	*kʷokʷomnū	*kʷokʷomnobim	*kʷokʷomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷokʷomnā	*kʷokʷomnai	*kʷokʷomnās
vocative	*kʷokʷomnā	*kʷokʷomnai	*kʷokʷomnās
accusative	*kʷokʷomnam	*kʷokʷomnai	*kʷokʷomnans
genitive	*kʷokʷomnās	*kʷokʷomnous	*kʷokʷomnom
dative	*kʷokʷomnai	*kʷokʷomnābom	*kʷokʷomnābos
instrumental	*?	*kʷokʷomnābim	*kʷokʷomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷokʷomnom	*kʷokʷomnou	*kʷokʷomnā
vocative	*kʷokʷomnom	*kʷokʷomnou	*kʷokʷomnā
accusative	*kʷokʷomnom	*kʷokʷomnou	*kʷokʷomnā
genitive	*kʷokʷomnī	*kʷokʷomnous	*kʷokʷomnom
dative	*kʷokʷomnūi	*kʷokʷomnobom	*kʷokʷomnobos
instrumental	*kʷokʷomnū	*kʷokʷomnobim	*kʷokʷomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷoxtos	*kʷoxtou	*kʷoxtoi
vocative	*kʷoxte	*kʷoxtou	*kʷoxtoi
accusative	*kʷoxtom	*kʷoxtou	*kʷoxtons
genitive	*kʷoxtī	*kʷoxtous	*kʷoxtom
dative	*kʷoxtūi	*kʷoxtobom	*kʷoxtobos
instrumental	*kʷoxtū	*kʷoxtobim	*kʷoxtobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷoxtā	*kʷoxtai	*kʷoxtās
vocative	*kʷoxtā	*kʷoxtai	*kʷoxtās
accusative	*kʷoxtam	*kʷoxtai	*kʷoxtans
genitive	*kʷoxtās	*kʷoxtous	*kʷoxtom
dative	*kʷoxtai	*kʷoxtābom	*kʷoxtābos
instrumental	*?	*kʷoxtābim	*kʷoxtābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷoxtom	*kʷoxtou	*kʷoxtā
vocative	*kʷoxtom	*kʷoxtou	*kʷoxtā
accusative	*kʷoxtom	*kʷoxtou	*kʷoxtā
genitive	*kʷoxtī	*kʷoxtous	*kʷoxtom
dative	*kʷoxtūi	*kʷoxtobom	*kʷoxtobos
instrumental	*kʷoxtū	*kʷoxtobim	*kʷoxtobis

Derived terms

• *kʷoxtos

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *pobɨd
  • Middle Breton: pibi, poba
    • Breton: pobat
  • Cornish: pobas
  • Middle Welsh: poby
    • Welsh: pobi