Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷelsos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷelsós (“turning”), from *kʷelh₁- (“to turn”).^[1]

Adjective

*kʷelsos^[2]^[3]

far, distant

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷelsos	*kʷelsou	*kʷelsoi
vocative	*kʷelse	*kʷelsou	*kʷelsoi
accusative	*kʷelsom	*kʷelsou	*kʷelsons
genitive	*kʷelsī	*kʷelsous	*kʷelsom
dative	*kʷelsūi	*kʷelsobom	*kʷelsobos
instrumental	*kʷelsū	*kʷelsobim	*kʷelsobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷelsā	*kʷelsai	*kʷelsās
vocative	*kʷelsā	*kʷelsai	*kʷelsās
accusative	*kʷelsam	*kʷelsai	*kʷelsans
genitive	*kʷelsās	*kʷelsous	*kʷelsom
dative	*kʷelsai	*kʷelsābom	*kʷelsābos
instrumental	*?	*kʷelsābim	*kʷelsābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷelsom	*kʷelsou	*kʷelsā
vocative	*kʷelsom	*kʷelsou	*kʷelsā
accusative	*kʷelsom	*kʷelsou	*kʷelsā
genitive	*kʷelsī	*kʷelsous	*kʷelsom
dative	*kʷelsūi	*kʷelsobom	*kʷelsobos
instrumental	*kʷelsū	*kʷelsobim	*kʷelsobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷelsyūs	*?	*kʷelsyoses
vocative	*kʷelsyūs	*?	*kʷelsyoses
accusative	*kʷelsyosam	*?	*kʷelsyosans
genitive	*kʷelsisos	*?	*kʷelsisom
dative	*kʷelsisei	*?	*kʷelsisbos
instrumental	*kʷelsisī	*?	*kʷelsisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷelsyūs	*?	*kʷelsyoses
vocative	*kʷelsyūs	*?	*kʷelsyoses
accusative	*kʷelsyosam	*?	*kʷelsyosans
genitive	*kʷelsisos	*?	*kʷelsisom
dative	*kʷelsisei	*?	*kʷelsisbos
instrumental	*kʷelsisī	*?	*kʷelsisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷelsis	*?	*?
vocative	*kʷelsis	*?	*?
accusative	*kʷelsis	*?	*?
genitive	*kʷelsisos	*?	*kʷelsisom
dative	*kʷelsisei	*?	*kʷelsisbos
instrumental	*kʷelsisī	*?	*kʷelsisbis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *pell
- Old Breton: pell
  - Middle Breton: pell
    - Breton: pell
- Middle Cornish: pell
  - Cornish: pell
- Middle Welsh: pell
  - Welsh: pell

References

^ Höfler, Stefan (2019) Story of O: On a peculiar substantivization type in PIE‎^[1], Leiden: 5th Indo-European Research Colloquium
^ Fleuriot, Léon, Evans, Claude (1985) “pell”, in A Dictionary of Old Breton – Dictionnaire du vieux breton: Historical and Comparative (in French), Toronto: Prepcorp, page 282
^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pell”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[1] Höfler, Stefan (2019) Story of O: On a peculiar substantivization type in PIE‎^[1], Leiden: 5th Indo-European Research Colloquium

[2] Fleuriot, Léon, Evans, Claude (1985) “pell”, in A Dictionary of Old Breton – Dictionnaire du vieux breton: Historical and Comparative (in French), Toronto: Prepcorp, page 282

[3] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pell”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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[2]

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