Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷalnati
Appearance
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Originally *kʷalnīti, from a nasal-infix derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁- (“to turn”).[1]
Verb
[edit]*kʷalnati
- to go around
Inflection
[edit]Nasal-infix athematic present with stem ablaut to an h₁-final root | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Active voice | ||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
1st singular | *kʷalnīmi | *kʷalnamam | ? | — |
2nd singular | *kʷalnīsi | *kʷalnatās | ? | — |
3rd singular | *kʷalnīti | *kʷalnato | ? | — |
1st plural | *kʷalnamosi | *kʷalnamo | ? | — |
2nd plural | *kʷalnatesi | *kʷalnastē | ? | — |
3rd plural | *kʷalnenti | *kʷalnanto | ? | — |
Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
1st singular | *kʷelasū | ? | — | |
2nd singular | *kʷelasesi | ? | *kʷalnī | |
3rd singular | *kʷelaseti | ? | *kʷalnītou | |
1st plural | *kʷelasomosi | ? | *kʷalnamos | |
2nd plural | *kʷelasetesi | ? | *kʷalnate | |
3rd plural | *kʷelasonti | ? | *kʷalnentou | |
Passive voice | ||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
1st singular | *kʷalnīr | — | ? | — |
2nd singular | *kʷalnītar | — | ? | — |
3rd singular | *kʷalnītor | ? | ? | — |
1st plural | *kʷalnammor | — | ? | — |
2nd plural | *kʷalnadwe | — | ? | — |
3rd plural | *kʷalnentor | ? | ? | — |
Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
1st singular | *kʷelasūr | — | — | |
2nd singular | *kʷelasetar | — | — | |
3rd singular | *kʷelasetor | — | — | |
1st plural | *kʷelasommor | — | — | |
2nd plural | *kʷelasedwe | — | — | |
3rd plural | *kʷelasontor | — | — |
Declension of the present participle | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *kʷalnonts | *kʷalnonte | *kʷalnontes |
vocative | *kʷalnonts | *kʷalnonte | *kʷalnontes |
accusative | *kʷalnontam | *kʷalnonte | *kʷalnontans |
genitive | *kʷalnantos | *? | *kʷalnantom |
dative | *kʷalnantei | *kʷalnantbom | *kʷalnantbos |
instrumental | *kʷalnantī? | *kʷalnantbim | *kʷalnantbis |
feminine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *kʷalnantī | *kʷalnantī | *kʷalnantiyās |
vocative | *kʷalnantī | *kʷalnantī | *kʷalnantiyās |
accusative | *kʷalnantīm | *kʷalnantī | *kʷalnantiyans |
genitive | *kʷalnantyās | *? | *kʷalnantyom |
dative | *kʷalnantyāi | *kʷalnantyābom | *kʷalnantyābos |
instrumental | *? | *kʷalnantyābim | *kʷalnantyābis |
neuter | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *kʷalnont | *? | *kʷalnonta |
vocative | *kʷalnont | *? | *kʷalnonta |
accusative | *kʷalnont | *? | *kʷalnonta |
genitive | *kʷalnantos | *? | *kʷalnantom |
dative | *kʷalnantei | *? | *kʷalnantbos |
instrumental | *kʷalnantī? | *? | *kʷalnantbis |
Declension of the middle participle | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *kʷalnamnos | *kʷalnamnou | *kʷalnamnoi |
vocative | *kʷalnamne | *kʷalnamnou | *kʷalnamnoi |
accusative | *kʷalnamnom | *kʷalnamnou | *kʷalnamnons |
genitive | *kʷalnamnī | *kʷalnamnous | *kʷalnamnom |
dative | *kʷalnamnūi | *kʷalnamnobom | *kʷalnamnobos |
instrumental | *kʷalnamnū | *kʷalnamnobim | *kʷalnamnobis |
feminine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *kʷalnamnā | *kʷalnamnai | *kʷalnamnās |
vocative | *kʷalnamnā | *kʷalnamnai | *kʷalnamnās |
accusative | *kʷalnamnam | *kʷalnamnai | *kʷalnamnans |
genitive | *kʷalnamnās | *kʷalnamnous | *kʷalnamnom |
dative | *kʷalnamnai | *kʷalnamnābom | *kʷalnamnābos |
instrumental | *? | *kʷalnamnābim | *kʷalnamnābis |
neuter | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *kʷalnamnom | *kʷalnamnou | *kʷalnamnā |
vocative | *kʷalnamnom | *kʷalnamnou | *kʷalnamnā |
accusative | *kʷalnamnom | *kʷalnamnou | *kʷalnamnā |
genitive | *kʷalnamnī | *kʷalnamnous | *kʷalnamnom |
dative | *kʷalnamnūi | *kʷalnamnobom | *kʷalnamnobos |
instrumental | *kʷalnamnū | *kʷalnamnobim | *kʷalnamnobis |
Derived terms
[edit]- *ambi-kʷalnati
- Old Irish: imm·cella (“to surround”)
- *to-ambi-kʷalnati
- Old Irish: do·immchella (“to go around”)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kʷal-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 174