Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/issketi

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys- (“to seek”),^[1] more specifically via *h₂is-sḱé-ti, a *-sḱéti present.^[2]^[3]

Verb

*issketi^[2]

to seek

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*isskū	*isskemam	*īssū	*iyoisa
2nd singular	*isskesi	*issketās	*īssesi	*iyoisas?
3rd singular	*issketi	*issketo	*īsseti	*iyoise
1st plural	*isskomosi	*isskemo	*īssomosi	*iyoismo
2nd plural	*issketesi	*isskestē	*īssetesi	*iyoise
3rd plural	*isskonti	*isskento	*īssonti	*iyoisars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*eissū	?	—
2nd singular	*eissesi	?	*isske
3rd singular	*eisseti	?	*issketou
1st plural	*eissomosi	?	*isskomos
2nd plural	*eissetesi	?	*isskete
3rd plural	*eissonti	?	*isskontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*isskūr	—	*īssūr	*iyoisra
2nd singular	*issketar	—	*īssetar	*iyoisras?
3rd singular	*issketor	?	*īssetor	*iyoisre
1st plural	*isskommor	—	*īssommor	?
2nd plural	*isskedwe	—	*īssedwe	?
3rd plural	*isskontor	?	*īssontor	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*eissūr	—	—
2nd singular	*eissetar	—	—
3rd singular	*eissetor	—	—
1st plural	*eissommor	—	—
2nd plural	*eissedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*eissontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*isskonts	*isskonte	*isskontes
vocative	*isskonts	*isskonte	*isskontes
accusative	*isskontam	*isskonte	*isskontans
genitive	*isskantos	*?	*isskantom
dative	*isskantei	*isskantbom	*isskantbos
instrumental	*isskantī?	*isskantbim	*isskantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*isskantī	*isskantī	*isskantiyās
vocative	*isskantī	*isskantī	*isskantiyās
accusative	*isskantīm	*isskantī	*isskantiyans
genitive	*isskantyās	*?	*isskantyom
dative	*isskantyāi	*isskantyābom	*isskantyābos
instrumental	*?	*isskantyābim	*isskantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*isskont	*?	*isskonta
vocative	*isskont	*?	*isskonta
accusative	*isskont	*?	*isskonta
genitive	*isskantos	*?	*isskantom
dative	*isskantei	*?	*isskantbos
instrumental	*isskantī?	*?	*isskantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*isskomnos	*isskomnou	*isskomnoi
vocative	*isskomne	*isskomnou	*isskomnoi
accusative	*isskomnom	*isskomnou	*isskomnons
genitive	*isskomnī	*isskomnous	*isskomnom
dative	*isskomnūi	*isskomnobom	*isskomnobos
instrumental	*isskomnū	*isskomnobim	*isskomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*isskomnā	*isskomnai	*isskomnās
vocative	*isskomnā	*isskomnai	*isskomnās
accusative	*isskomnam	*isskomnai	*isskomnans
genitive	*isskomnās	*isskomnous	*isskomnom
dative	*isskomnai	*isskomnābom	*isskomnābos
instrumental	*?	*isskomnābim	*isskomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*isskomnom	*isskomnou	*isskomnā
vocative	*isskomnom	*isskomnou	*isskomnā
accusative	*isskomnom	*isskomnou	*isskomnā
genitive	*isskomnī	*isskomnous	*isskomnom
dative	*isskomnūi	*isskomnobom	*isskomnobos
instrumental	*isskomnū	*isskomnobim	*isskomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*istos	*istou	*istoi
vocative	*iste	*istou	*istoi
accusative	*istom	*istou	*istons
genitive	*istī	*istous	*istom
dative	*istūi	*istobom	*istobos
instrumental	*istū	*istobim	*istobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*istā	*istai	*istās
vocative	*istā	*istai	*istās
accusative	*istam	*istai	*istans
genitive	*istās	*istous	*istom
dative	*istai	*istābom	*istābos
instrumental	*?	*istābim	*istābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*istom	*istou	*istā
vocative	*istom	*istou	*istā
accusative	*istom	*istou	*istā
genitive	*istī	*istous	*istom
dative	*istūi	*istobom	*istobos
instrumental	*istū	*istobim	*istobis

Derived terms

*ad-issketi
- ⇒ Middle Irish: aiscid, ascaid
*issk-ā-tis
- Middle Irish: escaid (“cleansing of vermin”)
Unsorted formations:
- Lepontic: 𐌉𐌔𐌉𐌕𐌉 (isiti, “asks the gods? prays?”, 3sg. pres. of *is-e-yeti > *isīti?^[4] 3sg. fut. *is-syeti?)

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 172–173
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Hamp, Eric P. (1974) “Varia”, in Ériu‎^[1], volume 25, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 253–284
^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 26
^ Eska, Joseph (2024) “Observations on the Carona (Bergamo) inscriptions”, in Corinna Salomon and David Stifter, editors, Cisalpine Celtic literacy: Proceedings of the international symposium, Maynooth 23–24 June 2022, Hagen: Curach Bhán, page 168

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 172–173

[Hamp-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Hamp, Eric P. (1974) “Varia”, in Ériu‎^[1], volume 25, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 253–284

[3] Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 26

[4] Eska, Joseph (2024) “Observations on the Carona (Bergamo) inscriptions”, in Corinna Salomon and David Stifter, editors, Cisalpine Celtic literacy: Proceedings of the international symposium, Maynooth 23–24 June 2022, Hagen: Curach Bhán, page 168

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