Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gulb-

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly a substrate word.^[1]

Noun

*gulb- f

beak

Reconstruction notes

The Welsh, Irish, and Gaulish-derived Latin forms cannot all be reconciled under one proto-form.
- Stüber's n-stem reconstruction *gulbū can unite the Irish with the Welsh, while assuming the n-stem inflection in Old Irish to be original,^[2] but it still cannot account for the Gaulish.
- GPC's *gulbyom^[3] can also unite the Irish with the Welsh if the n-stem in Irish is presumed secondary. It still has a gender mismatch with the Gallo-Latin word.

Derived terms

*gulbīnos

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *gülβ m
- Old Welsh: gilb
  - Middle Welsh: gylyf
    - Welsh: gylf
- →⇒ Latin: Regulbium
  - → Old English: Raculf, Raculfceastre
    - English: Reculver
Middle Irish: gulba
- Classical Gaelic: gulba
Gaulish: *gulbiā
- → Latin: gulbia, gubia
  - Galician: gubia
  - Italian: gorbia
  - Old French: gouge
    - English: gouge
    - French: gouge
  - Spanish: gubia

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gulbV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 168-169
^ Stüber, Karin (1998) The Historical Morphology of n-Stems in Celtic (Maynooth studies in Celtic linguistics; III), Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, →ISBN, page 110
^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gylf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gulbV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 168-169

[2] Stüber, Karin (1998) The Historical Morphology of n-Stems in Celtic (Maynooth studies in Celtic linguistics; III), Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, →ISBN, page 110

[3] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gylf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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[2]

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