Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gandeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative reconstructions

*gandneti (Jasanoff)^[1]
*ganndeti (KPV)^[2]

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to find, take, seize, hold”).

Verb

*gandeti^[3]^[4]

to be contained, find room

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*gandū	*gandemam	?	*geganda
2nd singular	*gandesi	*gandetās	?	*gegandas?
3rd singular	*gandeti	*gandeto	?	*gegande
1st plural	*gandomosi	*gandemo	?	*gegandmo
2nd plural	*gandetesi	*gandestē	?	*gegansse
3rd plural	*gandonti	*gandento	?	*gegandars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*getsū	?	—
2nd singular	*getsesi	?	*gande
3rd singular	*getseti	?	*gandetou
1st plural	*getsomosi	?	*gandomos
2nd plural	*getsetesi	?	*gandete
3rd plural	*getsonti	?	*gandontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*gandūr	—	?	*gegandra
2nd singular	*gandetar	—	?	*gegandras?
3rd singular	*gandetor	?	?	*gegandre
1st plural	*gandommor	—	?	?
2nd plural	*gandedwe	—	?	?
3rd plural	*gandontor	?	?	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*getsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*getsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*getsetor	—	—
1st plural	*getsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*getsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*getsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gandonts	*gandonte	*gandontes
vocative	*gandonts	*gandonte	*gandontes
accusative	*gandontam	*gandonte	*gandontans
genitive	*gandantos	*?	*gandantom
dative	*gandantei	*gandantbom	*gandantbos
instrumental	*gandantī?	*gandantbim	*gandantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gandantī	*gandantī	*gandantiyās
vocative	*gandantī	*gandantī	*gandantiyās
accusative	*gandantīm	*gandantī	*gandantiyans
genitive	*gandantyās	*?	*gandantyom
dative	*gandantyāi	*gandantyābom	*gandantyābos
instrumental	*?	*gandantyābim	*gandantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gandont	*?	*gandonta
vocative	*gandont	*?	*gandonta
accusative	*gandont	*?	*gandonta
genitive	*gandantos	*?	*gandantom
dative	*gandantei	*?	*gandantbos
instrumental	*gandantī?	*?	*gandantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gandomnos	*gandomnou	*gandomnoi
vocative	*gandomne	*gandomnou	*gandomnoi
accusative	*gandomnom	*gandomnou	*gandomnons
genitive	*gandomnī	*gandomnous	*gandomnom
dative	*gandomnūi	*gandomnobom	*gandomnobos
instrumental	*gandomnū	*gandomnobim	*gandomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gandomnā	*gandomnai	*gandomnās
vocative	*gandomnā	*gandomnai	*gandomnās
accusative	*gandomnam	*gandomnai	*gandomnans
genitive	*gandomnās	*gandomnous	*gandomnom
dative	*gandomnai	*gandomnābom	*gandomnābos
instrumental	*?	*gandomnābim	*gandomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gandomnom	*gandomnou	*gandomnā
vocative	*gandomnom	*gandomnou	*gandomnā
accusative	*gandomnom	*gandomnou	*gandomnā
genitive	*gandomnī	*gandomnous	*gandomnom
dative	*gandomnūi	*gandomnobom	*gandomnobos
instrumental	*gandomnū	*gandomnobim	*gandomnobis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Welsh: gannaf (1sg.), gein, geyn (3sg.)
  - Welsh: genni
⇒ Old Irish: ro·geinn

References

^ Jasanoff, Jay H. (2022 August 9) “Double nasal presents”, in Indo-European Linguistics, volume 10, number 1, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 88–106
^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 330
^ Fortson IV, Benjamin W. (2010 July 15) “On ‘double-nasal’ presents in Celtic and Indo-European and a new Irish sound law”, in Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, volume 57, number 2010, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 48–78
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gan-d-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 155

[Jasanoff_2022-1] Jasanoff, Jay H. (2022 August 9) “Double nasal presents”, in Indo-European Linguistics, volume 10, number 1, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 88–106

[2] Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 330

[Fortson-3] Fortson IV, Benjamin W. (2010 July 15) “On ‘double-nasal’ presents in Celtic and Indo-European and a new Irish sound law”, in Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, volume 57, number 2010, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 48–78

[4] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gan-d-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 155

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]