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Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/galnati

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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (able, powerful). Akin to Lithuanian galėti (to be able), Proto-Slavic *golěmъ (powerful).

Verb

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*galnati[1]

  1. to be able, can

Inflection

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Like with all nasal-infix athematic verbs, the original conjugation of this verb was entirely discarded in Brythonic. The conjugation must be inferred from similarly-formed verbs. Since the verb is not attested in Goidelic, the preterite cannot be determined. Due to the laryngeal of the root being unknown, the pre-leveling ablaut of the present-tense nasal infix in the singular cannot be known, either.

Athematic present
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *galnami *galnamam *giglāsū
2nd singular *galnasi *galnatās *giglāsesi
3rd singular *galnati *galnato *giglāseti
1st plural *galnamosi *galnamo *giglāsomosi
2nd plural *galnatesi *galnastē *giglāsetesi
3rd plural *galnanti *galnanto *giglāsonti
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *galasū ?
2nd singular *galasesi ? *galna
3rd singular *galaseti ? *galnatou
1st plural *galasomosi ? *galnamos
2nd plural *galasetesi ? *galnate
3rd plural *galasonti ? *galnantou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *galnar *giglāsūr
2nd singular *galnatar *giglāsetar
3rd singular *galnator ? *giglāsetor
1st plural *galnammor *giglāsommor
2nd plural *galnadwe *giglāsedwe
3rd plural *galnantor ? *giglāsontor
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *galasūr
2nd singular *galasetar
3rd singular *galasetor
1st plural *galasommor
2nd plural *galasedwe
3rd plural *galasontor
Declension of the past participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *glātos *glātou *glātoi
vocative *glāte *glātou *glātoi
accusative *glātom *glātou *glātoms
genitive *glātī *glātous *glātom
dative *glātūi *glātobom *glātobos
instrumental *glātū *glātobim *glātobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *glātā *glātai *glātās
vocative *glātā *glātai *glātās
accusative *glātam *glātai *glātams
genitive *glātās *glātous *glātom
dative *glātai *glātābom *glātābos
instrumental *? *glātābim *glātābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *glātom *glātou *glātā
vocative *glātom *glātou *glātā
accusative *glātom *glātou *glātā
genitive *glātī *glātous *glātom
dative *glātūi *glātobom *glātobos
instrumental *glātū *glātobim *glātobis

Derived terms

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  • *Galnos
    • Latin: gallus (a Gaul)
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  • *Galatis (formation in *-tis)
    • Ancient Greek: Γαλάτης (Galátēs) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gal-n-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 149-150