Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gʷaneti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰénti ~ *gʷʰnénti.

Verb

*gʷaneti

1. to strike, to wound
2. to kill, to slay

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*gʷanū	*gʷanemam	*gʷigʷnāsū	*gʷegʷona
2nd singular	*gʷanesi	*gʷanetās	*gʷigʷnāsesi	*gʷegʷonas?
3rd singular	*gʷaneti	*gʷaneto	*gʷigʷnāseti	*gʷegʷone
1st plural	*gʷanomosi	*gʷanemo	*gʷigʷnāsomosi	*gʷegʷonmo
2nd plural	*gʷanetesi	*gʷanestē	*gʷigʷnāsetesi	*gʷegʷone
3rd plural	*gʷanonti	*gʷanento	*gʷigʷnāsonti	*gʷegʷonars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*gʷanasū	?	—
2nd singular	*gʷanasesi	?	*gʷane
3rd singular	*gʷanaseti	?	*gʷanetou
1st plural	*gʷanasomosi	?	*gʷanomos
2nd plural	*gʷanasetesi	?	*gʷanete
3rd plural	*gʷanasonti	?	*gʷanontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*gʷanūr	—	*gʷigʷnāsūr	*gʷegʷonra
2nd singular	*gʷanetar	—	*gʷigʷnāsetar	*gʷegʷonras?
3rd singular	*gʷanetor	?	*gʷigʷnāsetor	*gʷegʷonre
1st plural	*gʷanommor	—	*gʷigʷnāsommor	?
2nd plural	*gʷanedwe	—	*gʷigʷnāsedwe	?
3rd plural	*gʷanontor	?	*gʷigʷnāsontor	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*gʷanasūr	—	—
2nd singular	*gʷanasetar	—	—
3rd singular	*gʷanasetor	—	—
1st plural	*gʷanasommor	—	—
2nd plural	*gʷanasedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*gʷanasontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷanonts	*gʷanonte	*gʷanontes
vocative	*gʷanonts	*gʷanonte	*gʷanontes
accusative	*gʷanontam	*gʷanonte	*gʷanontans
genitive	*gʷanantos	*?	*gʷanantom
dative	*gʷanantei	*gʷanantbom	*gʷanantbos
instrumental	*gʷanantī?	*gʷanantbim	*gʷanantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷanantī	*gʷanantī	*gʷanantiyās
vocative	*gʷanantī	*gʷanantī	*gʷanantiyās
accusative	*gʷanantīm	*gʷanantī	*gʷanantiyans
genitive	*gʷanantyās	*?	*gʷanantyom
dative	*gʷanantyāi	*gʷanantyābom	*gʷanantyābos
instrumental	*?	*gʷanantyābim	*gʷanantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷanont	*?	*gʷanonta
vocative	*gʷanont	*?	*gʷanonta
accusative	*gʷanont	*?	*gʷanonta
genitive	*gʷanantos	*?	*gʷanantom
dative	*gʷanantei	*?	*gʷanantbos
instrumental	*gʷanantī?	*?	*gʷanantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷanomnos	*gʷanomnou	*gʷanomnoi
vocative	*gʷanomne	*gʷanomnou	*gʷanomnoi
accusative	*gʷanomnom	*gʷanomnou	*gʷanomnons
genitive	*gʷanomnī	*gʷanomnous	*gʷanomnom
dative	*gʷanomnūi	*gʷanomnobom	*gʷanomnobos
instrumental	*gʷanomnū	*gʷanomnobim	*gʷanomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷanomnā	*gʷanomnai	*gʷanomnās
vocative	*gʷanomnā	*gʷanomnai	*gʷanomnās
accusative	*gʷanomnam	*gʷanomnai	*gʷanomnans
genitive	*gʷanomnās	*gʷanomnous	*gʷanomnom
dative	*gʷanomnai	*gʷanomnābom	*gʷanomnābos
instrumental	*?	*gʷanomnābim	*gʷanomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷanomnom	*gʷanomnou	*gʷanomnā
vocative	*gʷanomnom	*gʷanomnou	*gʷanomnā
accusative	*gʷanomnom	*gʷanomnou	*gʷanomnā
genitive	*gʷanomnī	*gʷanomnous	*gʷanomnom
dative	*gʷanomnūi	*gʷanomnobom	*gʷanomnobos
instrumental	*gʷanomnū	*gʷanomnobim	*gʷanomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷantos	*gʷantou	*gʷantoi
vocative	*gʷante	*gʷantou	*gʷantoi
accusative	*gʷantom	*gʷantou	*gʷantons
genitive	*gʷantī	*gʷantous	*gʷantom
dative	*gʷantūi	*gʷantobom	*gʷantobos
instrumental	*gʷantū	*gʷantobim	*gʷantobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷantā	*gʷantai	*gʷantās
vocative	*gʷantā	*gʷantai	*gʷantās
accusative	*gʷantam	*gʷantai	*gʷantans
genitive	*gʷantās	*gʷantous	*gʷantom
dative	*gʷantai	*gʷantābom	*gʷantābos
instrumental	*?	*gʷantābim	*gʷantābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷantom	*gʷantou	*gʷantā
vocative	*gʷantom	*gʷantou	*gʷantā
accusative	*gʷantom	*gʷantou	*gʷantā
genitive	*gʷantī	*gʷantous	*gʷantom
dative	*gʷantūi	*gʷantobom	*gʷantobos
instrumental	*gʷantū	*gʷantobim	*gʷantobis

Derived terms

• *ati-gʷaneti (“strike back, strike again”)
  • Proto-Brythonic:
    • Middle Welsh: atwanu
  • Old Irish: ad·goin
    • Middle Irish: athgonaid
      • Irish: athghoin
  • Gaulish: ateuane (2sg. imp.)
• *ɸeri-gʷaneti
  • Proto-Brythonic: *erwan (conjunct)
    • Middle Welsh: erwan (3sg. pres.)
• *to-gʷaneti
  • Proto-Brythonic:
    • Middle Welsh: dywanu
• *to-dī-kom-gʷaneti
  • Proto-Brythonic:
    • Old Breton: do·dicouant (past pret. sg.)
• *gʷan-tlom
  • Middle Irish: gétal (name of an Ogham letter)

Related terms

• *gʷoni

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *gwėnɨd
  • Middle Breton: goanaff
    • Breton: gwanañ
  • Cornish: gwana
  • Welsh: gwanu
• Old Irish: gonaid
  • Middle Irish: gonaid
    • Irish: goin
    • Scottish Gaelic: goin
• Celtiberian: Guandos (personal name, literally “the struck”) (< past participle *gʷantos)