Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/briskos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Uncertain, but Matasović denies any relationship to Old Irish brisid (“to break”).^[1]

Adjective

*briskos

brittle, fragile

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*briskos	*briskou	*briskoi
vocative	*briske	*briskou	*briskoi
accusative	*briskom	*briskou	*briskoms
genitive	*briskī	*briskous	*briskom
dative	*briskūi	*briskobom	*briskobos
instrumental	*briskū	*briskobim	*briskobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*briskā	*briskai	*briskās
vocative	*briskā	*briskai	*briskās
accusative	*briskam	*briskai	*briskams
genitive	*briskās	*briskous	*briskom
dative	*briskai	*briskābom	*briskābos
instrumental	*?	*briskābim	*briskābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*briskom	*briskou	*briskā
vocative	*briskom	*briskou	*briskā
accusative	*briskom	*briskou	*briskā
genitive	*briskī	*briskous	*briskom
dative	*briskūi	*briskobom	*briskobos
instrumental	*briskū	*briskobim	*briskobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*briskyūs	*?	*briskyoses
vocative	*briskyūs	*?	*briskyoses
accusative	*briskyosam	*?	*briskyosams
genitive	*briskisos	*?	*briskisom
dative	*briskisei	*?	*briskisbos
instrumental	*briskisī	*?	*briskisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*briskyūs	*?	*briskyoses
vocative	*briskyūs	*?	*briskyoses
accusative	*briskyosam	*?	*briskyosams
genitive	*briskisos	*?	*briskisom
dative	*briskisei	*?	*briskisbos
instrumental	*briskisī	*?	*briskisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*briskis	*?	*?
vocative	*briskis	*?	*?
accusative	*briskis	*?	*?
genitive	*briskisos	*?	*briskisom
dative	*briskisei	*?	*briskisbos
instrumental	*briskisī	*?	*briskisbis

Reconstruction notes

The failure of the *i to lower to e in Middle Irish is a mystery.
Deshayes's reconstruction *breskos^[2] cannot yield the Goidelic forms whatsoever.

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *brɨsk
- Breton: bresk
Middle Irish: brisc
- Irish: briosc
- Scottish Gaelic: brisg

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*brisko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 78
^ Deshayes, Albert (2003) “Bresk”, in Dictionnaire étymologique du breton (in French), Douarnenez: Le Chasse-Marée, →ISBN, page 135

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*brisko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 78

[2] Deshayes, Albert (2003) “Bresk”, in Dictionnaire étymologique du breton (in French), Douarnenez: Le Chasse-Marée, →ISBN, page 135

[1]

[2]