Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/biwos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós.

Adjective

*biwos

1. alive, living
2. mortal

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*biwos	*biwou	*biwoi
vocative	*biwe	*biwou	*biwoi
accusative	*biwom	*biwou	*biwons
genitive	*biwī	*biwous	*biwom
dative	*biwūi	*biwobom	*biwobos
instrumental	*biwū	*biwobim	*biwobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*biwā	*biwai	*biwās
vocative	*biwā	*biwai	*biwās
accusative	*biwam	*biwai	*biwans
genitive	*biwās	*biwous	*biwom
dative	*biwai	*biwābom	*biwābos
instrumental	*?	*biwābim	*biwābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*biwom	*biwou	*biwā
vocative	*biwom	*biwou	*biwā
accusative	*biwom	*biwou	*biwā
genitive	*biwī	*biwous	*biwom
dative	*biwūi	*biwobom	*biwobos
instrumental	*biwū	*biwobim	*biwobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*biwyūs	*?	*biwyoses
vocative	*biwyūs	*?	*biwyoses
accusative	*biwyosam	*?	*biwyosans
genitive	*biwisos	*?	*biwisom
dative	*biwisei	*?	*biwisbos
instrumental	*biwisī	*?	*biwisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*biwyūs	*?	*biwyoses
vocative	*biwyūs	*?	*biwyoses
accusative	*biwyosam	*?	*biwyosans
genitive	*biwisos	*?	*biwisom
dative	*biwisei	*?	*biwisbos
instrumental	*biwisī	*?	*biwisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*biwis	*?	*?
vocative	*biwis	*?	*?
accusative	*biwis	*?	*?
genitive	*biwisos	*?	*biwisom
dative	*biwisei	*?	*biwisbos
instrumental	*biwisī	*?	*biwisbis

Derived terms

• *biwotūts

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *bɨw
  • Breton: bev, beo (obsolete)
  • Cornish: byw, bew
  • Welsh: byw
• Old Irish: béo
  • Irish: beo
  • Manx: bio
  • Scottish Gaelic: beò
• ⇒ Lepontic: 𐌐𐌉𐌖𐌏𐌍𐌄𐌉 (piuonei, individualized n-stem name)