Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/birros

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown. According to Matasović, likely a substrate word.

Adjective

*birros

1. short

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*birros	*birrou	*birroi
vocative	*birre	*birrou	*birroi
accusative	*birrom	*birrou	*birroms
genitive	*birrī	*birrous	*birrom
dative	*birrūi	*birrobom	*birrobos
instrumental	*birrū	*birrobim	*birrobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*birrā	*birrai	*birrās
vocative	*birrā	*birrai	*birrās
accusative	*birram	*birrai	*birrams
genitive	*birrās	*birrous	*birrom
dative	*birrai	*birrābom	*birrābos
instrumental	*?	*birrābim	*birrābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*birrom	*birrou	*birrā
vocative	*birrom	*birrou	*birrā
accusative	*birrom	*birrou	*birrā
genitive	*birrī	*birrous	*birrom
dative	*birrūi	*birrobom	*birrobos
instrumental	*birrū	*birrobim	*birrobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*birryūs	*?	*birryoses
vocative	*birryūs	*?	*birryoses
accusative	*birryosam	*?	*birryosams
genitive	*birrisos	*?	*birrisom
dative	*birrisei	*?	*birrisbos
instrumental	*birrisī	*?	*birrisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*birryūs	*?	*birryoses
vocative	*birryūs	*?	*birryoses
accusative	*birryosam	*?	*birryosams
genitive	*birrisos	*?	*birrisom
dative	*birrisei	*?	*birrisbos
instrumental	*birrisī	*?	*birrisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*birris	*?	*?
vocative	*birris	*?	*?
accusative	*birris	*?	*?
genitive	*birrisos	*?	*birrisom
dative	*birrisei	*?	*birrisbos
instrumental	*birrisī	*?	*birrisbis

Descendants

• Brythonic: *bɨrr
  • Old Breton: berr
    • Middle Breton: berr
      • Breton: berr
  • Cornish: berr
  • Middle Welsh: byrr
    • Welsh: byr
• Old Irish: berr
• Gaulish: *birros
  • → Latin: birrus (see there for further descendants)
  • → Ancient Greek: βίρρος (bírrhos)

References

• Matasović, Ranko (2009) “birro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 66 and 441