Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/balkos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to swell”). Cognate Proto-Germanic *balþaz.

Adjective

*balkos

1. strong

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*balkos	*balkou	*balkoi
vocative	*balke	*balkou	*balkoi
accusative	*balkom	*balkou	*balkons
genitive	*balkī	*balkous	*balkom
dative	*balkūi	*balkobom	*balkobos
instrumental	*balkū	*balkobim	*balkobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*balkā	*balkai	*balkās
vocative	*balkā	*balkai	*balkās
accusative	*balkam	*balkai	*balkans
genitive	*balkās	*balkous	*balkom
dative	*balkai	*balkābom	*balkābos
instrumental	*?	*balkābim	*balkābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*balkom	*balkou	*balkā
vocative	*balkom	*balkou	*balkā
accusative	*balkom	*balkou	*balkā
genitive	*balkī	*balkous	*balkom
dative	*balkūi	*balkobom	*balkobos
instrumental	*balkū	*balkobim	*balkobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*balkyūs	*?	*balkyoses
vocative	*balkyūs	*?	*balkyoses
accusative	*balkyosam	*?	*balkyosans
genitive	*balkisos	*?	*balkisom
dative	*balkisei	*?	*balkisbos
instrumental	*balkisī	*?	*balkisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*balkyūs	*?	*balkyoses
vocative	*balkyūs	*?	*balkyoses
accusative	*balkyosam	*?	*balkyosans
genitive	*balkisos	*?	*balkisom
dative	*balkisei	*?	*balkisbos
instrumental	*balkisī	*?	*balkisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*balkis	*?	*?
vocative	*balkis	*?	*?
accusative	*balkis	*?	*?
genitive	*balkisos	*?	*balkisom
dative	*balkisei	*?	*balkisbos
instrumental	*balkisī	*?	*balkisbis

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *balx
  • Middle Welsh: balch
  • Breton: balc'h
  • Cornish: balgh
• Old Irish: balc
• → Vulgar Latin: balca
  • Catalan: balca
  • Occitan: balca, bauca