Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸorkos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos (“pig”).

Noun

*ɸorkos m^[1]^[2]

pork, piglet

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸorkos	*ɸorkou	*ɸorkoi
vocative	*ɸorke	*ɸorkou	*ɸorkoi
accusative	*ɸorkom	*ɸorkou	*ɸorkoms
genitive	*ɸorkī	*ɸorkous	*ɸorkom
dative	*ɸorkūi	*ɸorkobom	*ɸorkobos
locative	*ɸorkei	*?	*?
instrumental	*ɸorkū	*ɸorkobim	*ɸorkūis

Descendants

Old Irish: orc, orcán
- Middle Irish: orc
  - Irish: arc, arcán, uircín
  - Scottish Gaelic: arc, arcan, uircean
  - Manx: ark
Gaulish: *orkos^[3]
→? Ancient Greek: Ὀρκάδες (Orkádes)
- Greek: Ορκάδες (Orkádes)
- → Latin: Orcades
→⇒ Old Norse: Orkneyjar
- Icelandic: Orkneyjar f pl
- Faroese: Orknoyggjar f pl
- Norwegian Nynorsk: Orknøyar f pl; (definite form) Orknøyane, Orknøyarne
- Norwegian Bokmål: Orknøyene m pl or f pl
- Swedish: Orknöarna c pl
- Danish: Ørkenøerne c pl
- → English: Orkney, Orkneys, Orkney Islands

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*forko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 137
^ Koch, John (2004) “*ɸorko-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 253
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “orco-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 246

[EDPC-1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*forko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 137

[2] Koch, John (2004) “*ɸorko-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 253

[DLG-3] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “orco-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 246

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