Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/-kádanga

This Proto-Bantu entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Bantu

Etymology

One of the variants may be derived from the other, or else they may not be related, with *-kádanga being an extension of *-káda, and taking on the specific meaning "fry". Both variants have apparent cognates in wider Niger-Congo, for example Ibibio káŋ (“roast, fry”) and Berom halaŋ (“roast”).

Noun

*-kádanga (infinitive *kʊ̀ )

1. fry, roast

Descendants

From -kádanga:

• Bende (F12): -kalanga
• Dawida Taita (E74): -kanga
• Hehe (G62): -kalanga
• Lingala (C30B): -kálanga
• Mongo (C61): -kálanga
• Ngindo (P14): -kalanga
• Nyambo (J21): -karanga
• Nzadi (B865): -kaliŋ
• Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): -karanga
• Sukuma (F31): -kalanga
• Swahili (G42): -kaanga

From -kánga:

• Bemba (M42): -kanga (“dry by the fire”)
• Chokwe (K11): -kanga
• Ding (B86): kaŋ
• Lingala (C30B): -kánga
• Luba-Kasai (L31): -kanga
• Shona (S10): -kanga
• Yaka (H31): -kángá

References

• Bostoen, Koen (2001), "Osculance in Bantu reconstructions: A case study of the pair °–kádang-/°-káng- (’fry’, ’roast’) and its historical implications." Studies in African Linguistics 30: 121–146.