Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/gmaːʔ

This Proto-Austroasiatic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austroasiatic

Etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *gmaːʔ (Sidwell, 2024, #AA036)
Proto-Mon-Khmer: *gmaʔ (Shorto, 2006, #141)

It is unclear if Proto-Bahnaric *ʔmɨː (whence Bahnar ʼmi) is a descendant.

Noun

*gmaːʔ

rain

Descendants

Munda:
- Mundari: gama
Aslian:
- Semelaic:
  - Mah Meri: gəmaːh
  - Semaq Beri: gǝma
Katuic: *maa
- Western Katuic:
  - Eastern Bru: mia
Khmuic: *kmaʔ (Sidwell, 2013)
- Khmu: kmaʔ
- O'du: kmʌj
Mangic: (Lợi, 2008)
- Mang: maː²
Pearic: *gmaʔ (Headley, 1985)
- Chong:
  - Central Chong: kama̤ʔ
  - Kasong: kʰmaː ("rain, rainbow")
- Pear: kʰmie
Proto-Vietic: *k-maː (Ferlus, 2007)
- Arem: mìə
- Chut:
  - Rục: kumə̀a²
  - Sách: kumə̀a²
- Proto-Pong: *kmaː²
  - Liha: maː²
  - Phong: kʰmaː²
  - Toum: maː²
- Tho:
  - Cuối Chăm: mɐː²
- Viet-Muong:
  - Muong: mưa
  - Middle Vietnamese: 𩄎 (mưa), 湄 (mưa), 𩅹 (mưa)
    - Vietnamese: mưa

References

Sidwell, Paul (2024) “500 Proto Austroasiatic Etyma: Version 1.0”, in Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society‎^[1], volume 17, number 1, pages i–xxxiii