Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian/-hpani

This Proto-Algonquian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Algonquian

Alternative forms

• *-ʔpani
• *-spani
• (with the uncertain-identity placeholder symbol 'ç':) *-çpani

Noun

*-hpani (plural *-hpanari)

1. lung

   *nehpani (“my lung”)

   *wehpani (“her or his lung”)

Descendants

• Plains Algonquian:
  • Blackfoot: -xpin
  • Arapaho: hiikón (“lung”)
  • Cheyenne: he'po (“lung”)
• Central Algonquian:
  • Cree: -(h)pan/-(ᐦ)ᐸᐣ (-(h)pan, “lung”), as in ohpan/ᐅᐦᐸᐣ (ohpan, “her or his lung”), mihpan/ᒥᐦᐸᐣ (mihpan, “someone's lung”)
  • Ojibwe: -pan (“lung”), as in opan (“her or his lung”)
  • Shawnee: hohpani (“his lung”)
  • Miami: nihpana (“my lungs”)
• Eastern Algonquian:
  • Mi'kmaq: -p'n (“lung”)
  • Malecite-Passamaquoddy: -pon(-) (“lung”), as in (wo)pon(ol) (“(her or his) lung(s)”)
  • Unami: hopàn (“lung”)
  • Munsee: wáhpan (“lung”)

References

• David Costa, Shawnee Noun Plurals, in Anthropological Linguistics, 43:3 (2001): weçpani "his lung"
• Costa, David J. (2003) The Miami-Illinois Language (Studies in the Native Languages of the Americas), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN: *ne?pani "my lung"
• Paul Proulx, Initial change in Blackfoot, in Calgary Papers in Linguistics, 26 (2005): PA *-hpani 'lung'
• In Honor of Mary Haas: From the Haas Festival Conference →ISBN, 1988):

  Ch[eyenne] he'po 'lung' reflects what is usually reconstructed as PA *wehpani (→ Cree ohpan), but Woods Cree oθpan, ospan 'his lung' (Pentland 1979a:65) and Arapaho hiikon 'lung' cast doubt on the identity of the PA cluster.

• Christopher Harvey, Sound Change in Old Montagnais (2005):

  Goddard (1994:196 note 14) suggests *wespani (alias weçpani) to explain the variation in Woods Cree and the hp reflex in other Cree-Montagnais dialects.