Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian/-a·peθk-

This Proto-Algonquian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Algonquian

Alternative forms

• *-peθk- (without initial *-a·-)
• *-a·peɬk- (alternative orthography)
• *-a·peθkwi (rock, stone) (*-a·peɬkwi (alternative orthography))

Etymology

From Proto-Algic *(V)peɬeɬkewe (“rock”), whence also Wiyot płátk (“stone, rock”), Yurok pehlkohl (“gravel, pebbles”).

Noun

*-a·peθk-

1. stone; metal; solid material

Synonyms

• *aʔsenya/*aʔsenyi (“stone”)

Descendants

• Central Algonquian:
  • Cree: -apisk-, as in wakapiskaw/ᐊᐧᑲᐱᐢᑲᐤ (aykapiskaw, “the metal is bent”), wapâpiskaw/ᐊᐧᐹᐱᐢᑲᐤ (aypaapiskaw, “the metal is white”), tahkapiskaw/ᑕᐦᑲᐱᐢᑲᐤ (tahkapiskaw, “the metal is cold”)
  • probably Menominee -apɛ·hk- ("stone" in various compounds)
  • Ojibwe: -aabikw- (“relating to metal or stone”), possibly Ojibwe biiwaabik (“(piece of) metal; (piece of) iron”)
  • possibly Fox pîwâpehkwi (“metal; iron”)
• Eastern Algonquian:
  • Abenaki: (nok)apskw (“soft stone”) (nok- (“soft”))
  • Penobscot: pəna'pskw- (“stone”), wɔ·mba'pəsk'w (“white stone”) (wɔ·mb- (“white”))
  • Malecite-Passamaquoddy: ponapsq (“stone”)
  • Massachusett: pumpisk (from *-peθk-)
  • Mohegan-Pequot: pîwâpehkwi (“metal; iron”)

References

• Ives Goddard, Algonquian, Wiyot, and Yurok, in Linguistics and Anthropology: in Honor of C. F. Voegelin →ISBN
• Paul Proulx, Proto-Algic IV: Nouns, in Studies in Native American Languages VII, volume 17, number 2 (1992)