Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian/-θkweni

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This Proto-Algonquian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Algonquian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Algic *wʔeɬkwene, *wʔeɬkwane (liver), whence also Wiyot watwar (liver)[1] and Yurok 'wrhlkun (liver). The term was always possessed, and in some languages (including Yurok) the third-person prefix (*weʔ-) was incorporated into the stem.

Noun

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*-θkweni

  1. liver
    *neθkweni (my liver)
    *weθkweni (her or his liver)

Descendants

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  • Plains Algonquian:
    • Arapaho: hie (liver)
    • Cheyenne: he'e (liver)
  • Central Algonquian:
    • Cree: -skwan/-ᐢᑲᐧᐣ (-skayn, liver), -skon/-ᐢᑯᐣ (-skon, liver)
    • Ojibwe: -kon (liver) (nikon (my liver), okon (her or his liver))
    • Fox (Sauk): -hkoni (liver)
    • Miami: (ni)hkoni ((my) liver)
  • Eastern Algonquian:
    • Abenaki: -skwen (liver)
    • Malecite-Passamaquoddy: sqon (liver)
    • Unami: xkwùn (liver)
    • Munsee: xwíhk (liver)

References

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  • Ives Goddard, Algonquian, Wiyot, and Yurok, in Linguistics and Anthropology: in Honor of C. F. Voegelin →ISBN
  • Costa, David J. (2003) The Miami-Illinois Language (Studies in the Native Languages of the Americas), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN
  1. ^ Note that, as Goddard writes (op. cit.), "in the words for 'bone' and 'liver' Wiyot has d (phonetically a flap [r]) where Algonquian has *n. [...] Wiyot d goes back to earlier *n in all cases." That Wiyot r (i.e. /r/, which Goddard writes as ‹d›) originates from n was previously noted also by Sapir and by Kroeber.