Reconstruction:Latin/iuxtare

This Latin entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Latin

Etymology

From iuxta (“close to”, preposition) +‎ -āre (verb-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /josˈtare/

Verb

*iuxtāre (Proto-Italo-Western-Romance)?

1. to put alongside, to juxtapose

Reconstruction notes

Certain descendants show a /u/ (or /y/) taken from reflexes of jūstus.

Attested in French from ca. 1100 CE (Song of Roland) and Catalan from ca. 1270 (Llibre de contemplació).

Descendants

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: giustare (“put alongside, adapt”) (archaic, regional), ⇒ aggiustare (“repair, adjust”)
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Northern:
    • ⇒ Franco-Provençal: ajoutar, ajoutô, azhoutô, ajoutâ
    • Old French: joster (“battle, joust”), ⇒ ajoster (“add”)
      • French: jouter (“joust”), ⇒ jouxter (“be close to”) (semi-latinized), ⇒ ajouter (“add”)
      • Norman: joster (“play”), ⇒ jostoux (“happy”), ⇒ ajoûter (“add”)
      • → English: joust, ⇒ adjust (latinized)
      • → Italian: giostrare (“joust”)
  • Southern:
    • Catalan: justar, ⇒ ajustar
      • → Spanish: ayustar (“splice (rope)”)
    • Old Occitan: jostar, ⇒ ajostar
      • Occitan: justar, ajustar
      • → Portuguese: justar (“joust”)
      • → Spanish: justar (“joust”)

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*jŭxtare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 5: J L, page 99