Mukden

English

Map including 瀋陽 SHEN-YANG (MUKDEN) (AMS, 1956)

Alternative forms

• Moukden

Etymology

From Manchu ᠮᡠᡴᡩᡝᠨ (mukden).

Pronunciation

• enPR: mo͝okʹděnʹ, mo͞okʹděnʹ

Proper noun

Mukden

1. (dated or historical) Shenyang, in Liaoning province, China.
   • 1908, Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland, A Wandering Student in the Far East‎^[1], volume 1, William Blackwood and Sons, page xiii:

     In such different towns as Mukden, Niu-chwang, Ch'ung-k'ing, Ch'êngtu, Chia-ting Fu, Sui Fu, Chao-t'ung Fu, Tung-ch'uan Fu, Yün-nan Fu, and Tali Fu, I encountered members of the missionary community, from all of whom I received a cordial hospitality and much valuable information.

   • 1915, Robert P. Porter, Japan, the New World-power‎^[2], Oxford University Press, page 466:

     The reconstruction of the Tokyo-Shimonoseki section is of importance and ought to be done, not only because it forms a great artery of Japan, but also because it is the line which, when the Mukden-Antung standard-gauge railway is completed next November, will form part of the world’s railway highway, conveying passengers via Chosen and South Manchuria, with only 10 hours’ sea transportation, northward (Shimonoseki to Fusan) to Harbin, where the Siberian Railway is reached and the railway journey may be continued to Europe. Along this route the mails are now carried over the 2½ feet gauge mountain railway between Antung and Mukden, and thence to Harbin.

   • 1922, Bertrand Russell, The Problem of China‎^[3], London: George Allen & Unwin, →OCLC, →OL, page 108:

     In 1905, after the battles of Tsushima and Mukden, it became clear to impartial observers that Russia could accomplish nothing further at sea, and Japan could accomplish nothing further on land.

   • 2020, Thomas Rid, Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare‎^[4], New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN, page 36:

     The first (non-Soviet) account of the text that later became known as the Tanaka Memorial dates back to September 9, 1929. That day, a Manchurian Railway Company employee reportedly sent a note to Japanese consular authorities in Mukden, later Shenyang, the capital of Manchuria.

Translations

Shenyang — see Shenyang

References

• “Mukden, pn.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “Mukden”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.