local export = {}
local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities")
local m_table = require("Module:table")
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("nl")
local rsubn = m_str_utils.gsub
local rfind = m_str_utils.find
local rmatch = m_str_utils.match
local ulower = m_str_utils.lower
local usub = m_str_utils.sub
local function rsub(str, from, to)
return (rsubn(str, from, to))
end
local irregular_diminutives = {
{"blad", "blaadje"},
{"gat", "gaatje"},
{"glas", "glaasje"},
{"jongen", "jongetje"},
{"meid", "meisje"},
{"pad", "paadje"},
{"schip", "scheepje"},
{"vat", "vaatje"},
}
local remove_diacritic = {
["ä"] = "a",
["ë"] = "e",
["ï"] = "i",
["ö"] = "o",
["ü"] = "u",
["â"] = "a",
["ê"] = "e",
["î"] = "i",
["ô"] = "o",
["û"] = "u",
}
local vowels = "AEIOUaeiouäëïöüâêîôû"
local V = "[" .. vowels .. "]"
local NV = "[^" .. vowels .. "]"
local long_vowels = m_table.listToSet {
-- long monophthongs
"aa", "ee", "ie", "oo", "uu",
-- diphthongs
"ai", "au", "ei", "eu", "ij", "oe", "ou", "oi", "ui"
}
local unstressed_last_two_letters_noun = m_table.listToSet {
"er", "el", "en", "or", "em", "um"
}
local unstressed_last_two_letters_adjective = m_table.listToSet {
"er", "el", "en", "or", "em", "um", "ig"
}
local lengthen = {
["a"] = "aa",
["e"] = "ee",
["i"] = "ie",
["o"] = "oo",
["u"] = "uu",
["A"] = "Aa",
["E"] = "Ee",
["I"] = "Ie",
["O"] = "Oo",
["U"] = "Uu",
-- FIXME: Do the following ever occur and if so are these correct?
["ä"] = "äa",
["ë"] = "ëe",
["ï"] = "ïe",
["ö"] = "öo",
["ü"] = "üu",
-- FIXME: Do the following ever occur and if so are these correct?
["â"] = "âa",
["ê"] = "êe",
["î"] = "îe",
["ô"] = "ôo",
["û"] = "ûu",
}
local devoice = {
["z"] = "s", -- grijze -> grijs
["v"] = "f", -- gave -> gaafje
}
local function devoice_final(form)
local butlast, last = rmatch(form, "^(.*)(.)$")
return butlast .. (devoice[last] or last)
end
local function normalize_form(form)
return rsub(ulower(form), "[äëïöüâêîôû]", remove_diacritic)
end
local function ends_in_long_vowel(form)
local last_two = rmatch(normalize_form(form), "(..)$")
return last_two and long_vowels[last_two]
end
local function remove_final_e(form, final_multisyllable_stress)
-- Must end in -e preceded by at least one vowel.
local butlast = rmatch(form, "^(.*" .. V .. NV .. "*)[eë]$")
if not butlast then
return form
end
-- If ends in long vowel + -e (e.g. frije, luie), just truncate the -e.
if ends_in_long_vowel(butlast) then
return butlast
end
-- If ends in long vowel including + -e (e.g. twee?), return the whole thing.
if ends_in_long_vowel(form) then
return form
end
form = butlast
local butlast = rmatch(form, "^(.*)" .. NV .. "$")
if butlast and ends_in_long_vowel(butlast) then
return devoice_final(form)
end
if not final_multisyllable_stress then
local last_two = rmatch(normalize_form(form), V .. NV .. "*(..)$")
if last_two and unstressed_last_two_letters_adjective[last_two] then
return devoice_final(form)
end
end
local butlast_two, last_v, last_c = rmatch(form, "^(.*)(" .. V .. ")(" .. NV .. ")$")
if butlast_two then
return butlast_two .. lengthen[last_v] .. devoice_final(last_c)
end
local base, last_c = rmatch(form, "^(.*)(" .. NV .. ")%2$")
if base then
return base .. devoice_final(last_c)
end
return devoice_final(form)
end
-- Based on [https://www.dutchgrammar.com/en/?n=NounsAndArticles.23].
function export.default_dim(lemma, final_multisyllable_stress, modifier_final_multisyllable_stress, first_only)
if first_only then
local first_word, rest = rmatch(lemma, "^([^ ]+) (.*)$")
if first_word then
return export.default_dim(first_word, final_multisyllable_stress, modifier_final_multisyllable_stress) .. " " ..
rest
end
end
local first_word, rest = rmatch(lemma, "^([^ ]+[eë]) (.*)$")
if first_word then
return remove_final_e(first_word, modifier_final_multisyllable_stress) .. " " .. export.default_dim(
rest, final_multisyllable_stress, modifier_final_multisyllable_stress)
end
for _, ending_repl in ipairs(irregular_diminutives) do
local ending, repl = unpack(ending_repl)
if rfind(lemma, ending .. "$") then
return usub(lemma, 1, -#ending - 1) .. repl
end
end
if ends_in_long_vowel(lemma) then
return lemma .. "tje"
end
if rfind(lemma, "[aouäöü]$") then
return usub(lemma, 1, -2) .. lengthen[usub(lemma, -1)] .. "tje"
end
if rfind(lemma, "i$") then
return lemma .. "etje"
end
if rfind(lemma, NV .. "y$") then
return lemma .. "'tje"
end
if rfind(lemma, "é$") then
return usub(lemma, 1, -2) .. "eetje"
end
if final_multisyllable_stress and rfind(lemma, "e$") then
lemma = remove_final_e(lemma, true)
end
if (rfind(lemma, V .. "$") or rfind(lemma, "[wy]$") or
rfind(lemma, "[rln]$") and ends_in_long_vowel(usub(lemma, 1, -2)) or rfind(lemma, "rn$")) then
return lemma .. "tje"
end
if rfind(lemma, V .. NV .. "*[eë][rln]$") or rfind(lemma, V .. NV .. "*[oö]r$") then
-- NOTE: we already handled LONGV .. [rln]$ above, so any occurrence of V .. (e[rln]|or)$ is not a long vowel
-- or diphthong.
return final_multisyllable_stress and lemma .. usub(lemma, -1) .. "etje" or lemma .. "tje"
end
if rfind(lemma, V .. "[rln]$") then
-- NOTE: we already handled LONGV .. [rln]$ above, so any occurrence of V .. [rln]$ is not a long vowel or
-- diphthong.
return lemma .. usub(lemma, -1) .. "etje"
end
if rfind(lemma, "m$") and ends_in_long_vowel(usub(lemma, 1, -2)) or rfind(lemma, "[lr]m$") then
return lemma .. "pje"
end
if rfind(lemma, V .. NV .. "*[eëuü]m$") then
-- NOTE: we already handled LONGV .. m$ above, so any occurrence of V .. [eu]m$ is not a long vowel or
-- diphthong.
return final_multisyllable_stress and lemma .. usub(lemma, -1) .. "etje" or lemma .. "pje"
end
if rfind(lemma, V .. "m$") then
-- NOTE: we already handled LONGV .. m$ above, so any occurrence of V .. m$ is not a long vowel or diphthong.
return lemma .. usub(lemma, -1) .. "etje"
end
if rfind(lemma, "ng$") and ends_in_long_vowel(usub(lemma, 1, -3)) then
-- NOTE: This may not exist.
return lemma .. "je"
end
if rfind(lemma, V .. NV .. "*[iï]ng$") then
-- NOTE: we already handled LONGV .. ng$ above, so any occurrence of V .. ing$ is not a long vowel or diphthong.
return final_multisyllable_stress and lemma .. "etje" or usub(lemma, 1, -2) .. "kje"
end
if rfind(lemma, V .. "ng$") then
-- NOTE: we already handled LONGV .. ng$ above, so any occurrence of V .. ng$ is not a long vowel or diphthong.
return lemma .. "etje"
end
return lemma .. "je"
end
function export.add_e(stem, weak_final, lengthen)
-- Vowel lengthening
if lengthen then
return rsub(stem, "i(.)$", "e%1") .. "e"
-- Final weak syllable, no consonant doubling
elseif weak_final then
if stem:find("ie$") then
return stem:gsub("ie$", "ië")
else
return stem .. "e"
end
else
-- Ends in ee, ie, oe
if stem:find("[eio]e$") then
return stem .. "ë"
-- Ends in e
elseif stem:find("e$") then
return stem
-- Ends in double vowel + single consonant, remove one of the vowels
elseif stem:find("([aeou])%1[bcdfgklmnpqrstvxz]$") then
-- Add a diaeresis if the removal would create a digraph
if rfind(stem, "[io]ee.$") then
return rsub(stem, "..(.)$", "ë%1e")
else
return rsub(stem, ".(.)$", "%1e")
end
-- Ends in single vowel + single consonant, double the consonant
elseif stem:find("[AaEeIiOoUu][bcdfgklmnpqrstvz]$") and not rfind(stem, "[IiïOoö]e.$") and (not rfind(stem, "[AaäEeëOoöUuü]i.$") or rfind(stem, "qui.$")) and not rfind(stem, "[AaäEeëOoö]u.$") then
return rsub(stem, "(.)$", "%1%1e")
else
return stem .. "e"
end
end
end
return export
