Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Animals

---

The following documentation is generated by Template:topic cat data submodule documentation. ^[edit]

Useful links: root page • root page’s subpages • links • transclusions • testcases • sandbox

Introduction

This is the documentation page for the main data module for the Module:category tree/topic cat category tree subsystem, as well as for its submodules. Collectively, these modules handle generating the descriptions and categorization for topic pages such as Category:en:Birds, Category:es:France and Category:zh:State capitals of Germany, and the corresponding non-language-specific pages such as Category:Birds, Category:France and Category:State capitals of Germany. (All other categories handled through the {{auto cat}} system are handled by the Module:category tree/poscatboiler subsystem.)

The main data module at Module:category tree/topic cat/data does not contain data itself, but rather imports the data from its submodules, and applies some post-processing.

• To find which submodule implements a specific category, use the search box on the right.
• To add a new data submodule, copy an existing submodule and modify its contents. Then, add its name to the subpages list at the top of Module:category tree/topic cat/data.

Concepts

Per-language and umbrella categories

The topic cat system internally makes a distinction based on which languages a category applies to:

1. Per-language categories. These are of the form langcode:label (e.g. Category:es:Birds and Category:de:States of the United States). Here, langcode is the language code of a recognized full Wiktionary language (see WT:LOL for the list of all such languages and their codes), and label is a topic, generally one that can apply to multiple languages. The intended category contents is terms in the language in question that are either related to, instances of or types of the topic in question (depending on the type of category; see below). Associated with each per-language category is an umbrella category; see below. The following restrictions apply to per-language categories:
   1. The language mentioned by langcode must currently be a full language, not an etymology-only language. (Etymology-only languages include lects such as Provençal, considered a variety of Occitan, and Biblical Hebrew, considered a variety of Hebrew. See here for the list of such lects.)
   2. The category label specified by label as found in the category name always begins with a capital letter, whether or not the underlying form of the label is capitalized (contrast Category:en:Birds with Category:en:France). Internally, this is different, and the internal form of a label begins with a lowercase or uppercase letter as appropriate (birds but France).
2. Umbrella categories. These are of the form label, i.e. a bare category label. As with per-language categories, this label is always capitalized in the category name, regardless of the underlying form of the label. Examples are Category:Birds, Category:France and Category:State capitals of Germany. Umbrella categories serve to group all the per-language categories for a particular topic. They also serve to group more specific subcategories, e.g. under Category:Birds can be found Category:Birds of prey, Category:Freshwater birds, Category:Columbids (which includes doves and pigeons), etc. as well as Category:Eggs and Category:Feathers. Umbrella categories should not normally directly contain any terms.
3. Unlike for the poscatboiler system, language-specific categories do NOT currently exist. These would be topics that only make sense for a given language or small set of languages, and which are allowed allowed for that language or those languages. Currently, all topics are cross-language even if in practice they don't make sense except in conjunction with a subset of languages; but this may change in the future.

Category types

In addition to the above distinction, the topic cat system divides categories according to the category type, which specifies the relationship between the category and the members of that category:

1. Related-to categories (type = "related-to") contain terms that are semantically related to the category topic. For example, Category:en:Chess contains terms such as checkmate, rank (a row on a chessboard), endgame, en passant, Grandmaster, etc. "Related to" is a nebulous criterion, and as a result the terms in the category should be related to the category as directly as possible, to avoid the category becoming a grab bag of random terms.
2. Name (type = "name") categories contain terms that are names of individual, specific instances of the category. For example, Category:Chess openings contains names of specific openings, such as Ruy Lopez and Sicilian Defense. Even more clearly, Category:Moons of Jupiter contains names of individual moons that orbit the planet Jupiter.
3. Type (type = "type") categories contains terms for types of the entity described by the category name. For example, Category:Checkmate patterns contains types of checkmates, such as ladder mate and smothered mate. Even more clearly, Category:Hobbyists contains terms for types of hobbyists, such as oenophile (a wine enthusiast), numismatist (a stamp collector), etc. (If this were a name category, it would contain names of specific, presumably famous, hobbyists — something that would probably not be dictionary-worthy material.)
4. Set (type = "set") categories are used when the distinction between names and types of a given topic may not always be clear, but the overall membership is still well-defined. For example, Category:Heraldic charges contains terms for components of coats of arms, e.g. bend sinister (a diagonal band from lower left to upper right), fleur-de-lis (a stylized image of a lily, as is commonly associated with New Orleans) and quatrefoil (a symmetrical shape made from the outline of four circles).
5. Grouping (type = "grouping") categories are higher-level categories that are used only to group more specific categories and should not contain elements themselves (but nevertheless sometimes do). An example is Category:Industries, which contains subcategories devoted to particular industries (e.g. Category:Banking, Category:Mining, Category:Music industry, Category:Oil industry, etc.).
6. Top-level (type = "toplevel") categories are special high-level categories that list all the categories of one of the above types, and which are always named List of type categories, e.g. Category:List of related-to categories (listing all the "related-to" umbrella categories) or Category:es:List of name categories (listing all the Spanish name-type categories). The number of top-level categories is fixed.

Note that name, type and set categories are conceptually similar to each other, in that each contains terms that have an is-a relationship with the topic in question, whereas related-to categories express a weaker sort of relation between term and topic, merely asserting that the term is in some way "related" or "pertinent" to the topic in question. For this reason, when creating new topics, you should always strive to create name, type or set topics whenever possible, and avoid related-to topics unless there is no alternative and you're convinced this topic is really necessary. Before creating such a category:

1. Consider whether there is another category already in existence that will cover this semantic space.
2. Consider whether you can convert the category to a name, type or set category.
3. Investigate whether there needs to be a category for the semantic concept at all (in particular, abstract concepts often do not merit related-to categories).
4. Make sure there are enough terms to fill up this category in at least two languages (one of which should be English). What qualifies as "enough" varies a bit from topic to topic but generally should be at least 10.
5. Make sure the terms you add or consider adding to this category are directly related to the topic at hand. Do not add terms merely because the term contains the name of the topic in it (e.g. if you create a category named brick, do not add terms like brick house, thick as a brick or yellow brick road merely becaues they have the word "brick" in them; instead, use the ===Related terms=== section of the brick lemma to include these terms).

It should also be noted that name, type and set categories typically use the plural in their topic name, which related-to categories often use the singular. This is not a hard and fast rule, however, and there are exceptions in both directions. If it's not obvious what type of category a given topic refers to, consider making this explicit in the topic name, e.g. names of stars or types of stars rather than just stars. (In the future, all, or at least most, topic categories may be named in such a fashion.)

Adding, removing or modifying categories

A sample entry is as follows (in this case, found in Module:category tree/topic cat/data/History):

labels["ancient history"] = {
	type = "related-to",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"history"},
}

This generates the description and categorization for all per-language categories of the form langcode:Ancient history (e.g. Category:en:Ancient history) as well as for the umbrella category Category:Ancient history (see above for the definition of per-language and umbrella categories).

The meaning of this snippet is as follows:

• The label itself needs to use proper capitalization or lower case in the first letter of the label, even though the label as it appears in the category name is always capitalized, consistent with the principle that category names begin with a capital letter. In this case, the label is lowercase, and other labels that reference it need to use the same casing (as in the example below). By contrast, a label like Ancient Near East (as in the example below) is capitalized because the label refers to a specific region, and toponyms are capitalized in English.
• the type field specifies the category type, as described above. This label is a "related-to" category.
• The description field gives the description text that will appear when a user visits the category page. Certain special values are recognized, including "default", which generates a default label. The value of the default label depends on the label's name, the language of the category, and the label's type. In this case, it is equivalent to "{{{langname}}} terms related to [[ancient]] [[history]]" (where {{{langname}}} is replaced with the name of the language in question) and "terms related to [[ancient]] [[history]]"" for the umbrella category. See #Descriptions below for more information on specifying descriptions.
• The parents field gives the labels of the parent categories. Here, the category specifies a single parent "history". This means that a category such as Category:en:Ancient history will have Category:en:History as its parent. An additional top-level list parent will automatically be added (in this case Category:en:List of related-to categories) as well as the umbrella parent Category:Ancient history.

Another example follows:

labels["places in Romance of the Three Kingdoms"] = {
	type = "name",
	displaytitle = "places in ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''",
	description = "=places in ''{{w|Romance of the Three Kingdoms}}''",
	parents = {"Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "China"},
}

This is a subcategory of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" (a 14th century Chinese historical novel) and accordingly specifies "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" as the parent, along with "China" (note the capitalization, in accordance with the principles laid out above). A description is given explicitly, preceded by = (which in this case prepends "names for specific" to the description). The displaytitle field is also set so that the name of the work is italicized.

Category label fields

The following fields are recognized for the object describing a label:

type

The type of the label ("related-to", "name", "type", "set", "grouping" or "toplevel", as described above. Mandatory. It is possible to specify multiple comma-separated types, for "mixed" categories that can contain more than one type of term. For example, the label flags currently has type = "related-to,name,type" because it contains a mixture of terms related to flags (e.g. flagpole and grommet), terms for individual flags (e.g. Star-Spangled Banner) and terms for types of flags (e.g. prayer flag, flag of convenience). Mixed categories are strongly dispreferred and should be split into separate per-type categories.

description

A plain English description for the label. This should generally be no longer than one sentence. Place additional, longer explanatory text in the additional field described below, and put {{wikipedia}} boxes in the topright field described below so that they are correctly right-aligned with the description. Template invocations and special template-like references such as {{{langname}}} and {{{langcode}}} will be expanded appropriately; see #Template substitutions in field values below. Certain values are handled specially, including "default" (and variants such as "default with the", "default wikify" and "default no singularize") and phrases preceded by an = sign, as explained in more detail below.

parents

A table listing one or more parent labels of this label. This controls the parent categories that the category is contained within, as well as the chain of breadcrumbs appearing across the top of the page (see below).

• An item in the table can be either a single string (the parent label), or a table containing (at least) the two elements name and sort. In the latter case, name specifies the parent label name, while the sort value specifies the sort key to use to sort it in that category. The default sort key is the category's label.
• If a parent label begins with Category: it is interpreted as a raw category name, rather than as a label name. It can still have its own sort key as usual.
• The first listed parent controls the category's parent breadcrumb in the chain of breadcrumbs at the top of the page. (The breadcrumb of the category itself is determined by the breadcrumb setting, as described below.)

breadcrumb

The text of the last breadcrumb that appears at the top of the category page.

• By default, it is the same as the category label, with the first letter capitalized.
• The value can be either a string, or a table containing two elements called name and nocap. In the latter case, name specifies the breadcrumb text, while nocap can be used to disable the automatic capitalization of the breadcrumb text that normally happens.
• Note that the breadcrumbs collectively are the chain of links that serve as a navigation aid for the hierarchical organization of categories. For example, a category like Category:en:Ancient Near East will have a breadcrumb chain similar to "Fundamental » All languages » English » All topics » History » Ancient history » Ancient Near East", where each breadcrumb is a link to a category at the appropriate level. The last breadcrumb here is "Ancient Near East", and its text is controlled by this field.

displaytitle

Apply special formatting such as italics to the category page title, as with the {{DISPLAYTITLE:...}} magic word (see mw:Help:Magic words). The same formatting is also applied to breadcrumbs, descriptions and other mentions of the label in formatted text. The value of this is either a string (which should be the formatted label, e.g. "The Matrix", "people in Romance of the Three Kingdoms" or "Glee (TV series)") or a Lua function to generate the formatted category title. The Lua function is passed two parameters: the raw label (without any preceding language code) and the language object of the category's language (or nil for umbrella categories). It should return the appropriately formatted label. If the value of this field is a string, template invocations and special template-like references such as {{{langname}}} and {{{langcode}}} will be expanded appropriately; see below. See Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Culture for examples of using displaytitle.

topright

Introductory text to display right-aligned, before the edit and recent-entries boxes on the right side. This field should be used for {{wikipedia}} and other similar boxes. Template invocations and special template-like references such as {{{langname}}} and {{{langcode}}} are expanded appropriately, just as with description; see #Template substitutions in field values below. Compare the preceding field, which is similar to topright but used for left-aligned text placed above the description.

preceding

Introductory text to display directly before the text in the description field. The difference between the two is that description text will also be shown in the list of children categories shown on the parent category's page, while the preceding text will not. For this reason, use preceding instead of description for {{also}} hatnotes and similar text, and keep description relatively short. Template invocations and special template-like references such as {{{langname}}} and {{{langcode}}} are expanded appropriately, just as with description; see #Template substitutions in field values below. Compare the topright field, which is similar to preceding but is right-aligned, placed above the edit and recent-entries boxes.

additional

Additional text to display directly after the text in the the description field. The difference between the two is that description text will also be shown in the list of children categories shown on the parent category's page, while the additional text will not. For this reason, use additional instead of description for long explanatory notes, See also references and the like, and keep description relatively short. Template invocations and special template-like references such as {{{langname}}} and {{{langcode}}} are expanded appropriately, just as with description; see #Template substitutions in field values below.

wp

Display a box linking to a Wikipedia entry in the upper right corner. The value can either be true to link to an entry that is the same as the label; a string, to link to that entry; or a list of strings or true, to generate multiple boxes, one per list item. For example, if the label pesäpallo has wp = true, a box will be generated that links to Pesäpallo on Wikipedia, and if the label football (American) has wp = "American football", a box will be generated that links to American football on Wikipedia.

wpcat

Display a box linking to a Wikipedia category in the upper right corner. This is similar to wp except that the link is to a category (the generated entry or entries is/are prepended with Category:). For example, if the label animals has wpcat = true set, a box will be generated that links to Category:Animals on Wikipedia.

commonscat

Display a box linking to a Wikimedia Commons category in the upper right corner. This is similar to wpcat except that the link is to Wikimedia Commons instead of Wikipedia. For example, if the label racquet sports has commonscat = true set, a box will be generated that links to Category:Racquet sports on Wikimedia Commons.

topic

Text indicating the topic being handled by this category. This appears in the auto-generated "additional" message following the description, which indicates what type this category is (based on the type field) and what sorts of terms should go into it. This does not normally need to be specified, as it's derived directly from the label. But it is useful e.g. for the label types of planets, which sets topic = "planets", because the auto-generated "additional" message contains the text " ... It should contain terms for types of {{{topic}}}, ...", and using the label directly will result in redundant text. Template invocations and special template-like references such as {{{langname}}} and {{{langcode}}} are expanded appropriately, just as with description; see #Template substitutions in field values below. The value of this field can be "default" or "default with the", which will be expanded appropriately based on the label.

umbrella

A table describing the umbrella category that collects all language-specific categories associated with this label. The umbrella category is named using the label, without any language prefix. For example, for the label ancient history, the umbrella category is named Category:Ancient history, and is a parent category (in addition to any categories specified using parents) of Category:en:Ancient history, Category:fr:Ancient history and all other language-specific categories holding adjectives. This table contains the following fields:

description

A plain English description for the umbrella category. By default, it is derived from the description field of the label itself by removing language references (specifically, {{{langname}}} , {{{langcode}}}:, {{{langcode}}} and {{{langcat}}} ) and adding This category concerns the topic: before the result. Text is automatically added to the end indicating that this category is an umbrella category that only contains other categories, and does not contain pages describing terms.

breadcrumb

The last breadcrumb in the chain of breadcrumbs at the top of the category page; see above. By default, this is the category label.

topright

Like the topright field on regular category pages; see above.

preceding

Like the preceding field on regular category pages; see above.

additional

Like the additional field on regular category pages; see above.

topic

Like the topic field on regular category pages; see above.

umbrella_description

The same as the description subfield of the umbrella field.

Template substitutions in field values

Template invocations can be inserted in the text of description, parents (both name and sort key), breadcrumb, toc_template and toc_template_full values, and will be expanded appropriately. In addition, the following special template-like invocations are recognized and replaced by the equivalent text:

{{PAGENAME}}

The name of the current page. (Note that two braces are used here instead of three, as with the other parameters described below.)

{{{langname}}}

The name of the language that the category belongs to. Not recognized in umbrella fields.

{{{langcode}}}

The code of the language that the category belongs to (e.g. en for English, de for German). Not recognized in umbrella fields.

{{{langcat}}}

The name of the language's main category, which adds "language" to the regular name. Not recognized in umbrella fields.

{{{langlink}}}

A link to the language's main category. Not recognized in umbrella fields.

{{{umbrella_msg}}}

The message normally at the end of the description for umbrella categories, indicating that the category contains no terms but only subcategories.

{{{topic}}}

The value of the topic field (or the umbrella.topic field for umbrella categories), if specified; else, the value of displaytitle (if specified) or the label, with "the" added if the description is "default with the" or a variant containing "with the" (such as "default with the wikify").

Descriptions

The description field is of one of three types:

1. An English sentence, ending in a period.
2. A phrase preceded by = and not ending in a period.
3. The value "default" or one of its variants, such as "default with the" or "default wikify".

If preceded by =, the description is generated from the specified phrase by prepending {{{LANGNAME}}} (which is replaced with the language name) followed by standard type-dependent text, and appending a period. The text prepended is currently as follows:

Type	Text
related-to	terms related to
set	terms for types or instances of
name	names of specific
type	terms for types of
grouping	categories concerning more specific variants of
toplevel	N/A

For example, for the label biblical characters, the description is currently "=characters in the [[Bible]]", which expands to {{{LANGNAME}}} names of specific characters in the [[Bible]]., and in turn is expanded to e.g. French names of specific characters in the [[Bible]]. (if the category is Category:fr:Biblical characters).

Note that no standard text is provided for top-level categories, all of which include a custom description.

If "default" or one of its variants is used as the description, a default description is generated as if the description consisted of = prepended to the label, except that the word the might be added to the beginning of the label, and the words in the label might be wikilinked. Specifically:

1. If the description is of the form "default with the" (or a form such as "default with the wikify", "default with the no singularize", etc.), the word the is prefixed to the label.
2. If the label is of the form "default wikify" (or a related form), the label is linked to Wikipedia. If the label ends in an -s, the label is linked to a Wikipedia entry based on the singular form of the label (which converts -ies to -y; converts -xes, -ches or -shes, respectively, to -x, -ch or -sh; and otherwise just removes -s), unless the label is "default wikify no singularize" or a related form, in which case the label is linked unchanged.
3. Otherwise, the code attempts to link the entire label or the individual words of the label to Wiktionay terms, as follows:
   1. If the label ends in -s and no singularize is not specified in the description, and the singular form of the label (generated according to the algorithm described just above) is a Wiktionary term, the label is linked to that term. Note that "is a Wiktionary term" simply means that a page of this name exists; the code does not currently check to see whether there is an English entry or whether the term is a lemma.
   2. Otherwise, if the label itself is a Wiktionary term, the label is linked to that term.
   3. Otherwise, the label is split into individual words, and each word is checked to see if a page named according to that word exists. If so, the individual words are linked to their corresponding Wiktionary entries; otherwise, the label is left unlinked. Note that the last word is handled specially if it ends in -s and no singularize is not found in the description, in that the code first attempts to link the word to its singular equivalent, falling back to the word itself if the singular equivalent doesn't name a Wiktionary term.

For example, a label video games will be linked as [[video game]]s because the page video game exists, but Arabic deities will be linked as [[Arabian]] [[deity|deities]] because neither Arabian deity nor Arabian deities exists as a page. The use of no singularize is needed with labels such as linguistics, comics and humanities, because their respective singular forms linguistic, comic and humanity exist as Wiktionary pages.

Finally, note that the components of a default-type description (wikify, with the and no singularize) can be given in any order if more than one of them needs to be specified.

Handlers

It is also possible to have handlers that can handle arbitrarily-formed labels, e.g. political subdivisions of country for any country (categories such as Category:tg:Political subdivisions of the United Arab Emirates) or divisions of polity for any division and polity (e.g. Category:fr:Counties of South Korea or Category:pt:Municipalities of Tocantins, Brazil). Currently, handlers exist only in the toponym-handling code in Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places and in Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Names. As example, the following is the handler for script letter names:

table.insert(handlers, function(label)
	local script = label:match("^(.*) letter names$")
	if script then
		local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCanonicalName(script)
		if sc then
			local script_page
			local appendix = ("Appendix: %s script"):format(script)
			local appendix_title = mw.title.new(appendix)
			if appendix_title and appendix_title.exists then
				script_page = appendix
			else
				script_page = "w:" .. sc:getWikipediaArticle()
			end
			local link = ("[[%s|%s script]]"):format(script_page, script)
			return {
				type = "name",
				description = ("{{{langname}}} terms that serve as names for letters and symbols directly based on letters, " ..
					"such as [[ligature]]s and letters with [[diacritic]]s, of the %s."):format(link),
				parents = {"letter names"},
			}
		end
	end
end)

The handler checks is passed a single argument (the label), checks if the passed-in label has a recognized form, and if so, returns an object that follows the same format as described above for directly-specified labels. In this case, the handler makes sure the given script name specifies an actual script, and constructs an appropriate link for the script, depending on whether an appendix page for the script exists (falling back to Wikipedia).

NOTE: The handler needs to be prepared to handle both umbrella categories and per-language categories. The label is passed in as it appears in the category; this means the handler may need to handle both uppercase-initial and lowercase-initial variants of the label. (For this handler, this isn't an issue because the script always appears uppercased.) One way to do that is to convert the label to lowercase-initial before further processing, using mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst().

Note also that if a handler is specified, the module should return a table holding both the label and handler data; see the above modules.

Subpages

category tree/topic cat/data/Animals category tree/topic cat/data/Body category tree/topic cat/data/Buildings and structures category tree/topic cat/data/Communication category tree/topic cat/data/Culture category tree/topic cat/data/Design category tree/topic cat/data/Earth category tree/topic cat/data/Food and drink category tree/topic cat/data/Games category tree/topic cat/data/History category tree/topic cat/data/Human category tree/topic cat/data/Lifeforms category tree/topic cat/data/Mathematics category tree/topic cat/data/Miscellaneous category tree/topic cat/data/Names category tree/topic cat/data/Nature category tree/topic cat/data/Numbers category tree/topic cat/data/People category tree/topic cat/data/Philosophy category tree/topic cat/data/Physical actions category tree/topic cat/data/Places category tree/topic cat/data/Plants category tree/topic cat/data/Religion category tree/topic cat/data/Sciences category tree/topic cat/data/Sex category tree/topic cat/data/Society category tree/topic cat/data/Sports category tree/topic cat/data/Technology category tree/topic cat/data/Thesaurus category tree/topic cat/data/Time category tree/topic cat/data/Transport category tree/topic cat/data/documentation

local labels = {}

labels["animals"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"lifeforms"},
	commonscat = "Animalia",
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["acanthuroid fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[surgeonfish]], [[light-horseman]], [[louvar]]s, [[scat]]s, [[rabbitfish]], [[Moorish idol]]s and other fish in the [[perciform]]  [[suborder]] [[Acanthuroidei]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["accentors"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the [[family]] [[Prunellidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["accipiters"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[besra]]s, [[Cooper's hawk]]s, [[goshawk]]s, [[sharp-shinned hawk]]s, [[shikra]]s, [[sparrowhawk]]s, and other [[hawk]]s in the [[genus]] ''[[Accipiter]]''",
	parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["Acipenseriform fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[paddlefish]], [[sturgeon]]s and other fish in the [[order]] [[Acipenseriformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["adephagan beetles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[diving beetle]]s, [[ground beetle]]s (including [[bombardier beetle]]s and [[tiger beetle]]s), [[whirligig beetle]]s and other [[beetle]]s in the [[suborder]] [[Adephaga]]",
	parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["African insectivores"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[aardvark]]s, [[elephant shrew]]s, [[golden mole]]s, [[otter shrew]]s, [[tenrec]]s, and other [[mammal]]s in the [[clade]] [[Afroinsectiphilia]]",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["agamid lizards"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[agama]]s, [[bearded dragon]]s, [[flying dragon]]s, [[frilled lizard]]s, [[moloch]]s, [[spiny-tailed lizard]]s, [[stellion]]s and other [[lizard]]s in the [[family]] [[Agamidae]]",
	parents = {"lizards"},
}

labels["alcelaphine antelopes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blesbuck]]s, [[bontebok]]s, [[bubal]]s, [[gnu]]s or [[wildebeest]], [[hartebeest]]s, [[hirola]], [[sassaby]]s, [[topi]]s, [[tetel]]s, and other [[antelopes]] in the [[subfamily]] [[Alcelaphinae]]",
	parents = {"antelopes"},
}

labels["ammonites"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[extinct]] [[cephalopod]]s in the [[subclass]] [[Ammonoidea]]",
	parents = {"cephalopods"},
}

labels["amphibians"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"vertebrates"},
	commonscat = "Amphibia",
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["amphipods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[beach flea]]s, [[lawn shrimp]], [[scud]]s, [[side swimmer]]s, [[skeleton shrimp]], [[whale louse|whale lice]], and other [[crustacean]]s in the [[order]] [[Amphipoda]]",
	parents = {"crustaceans"},
}

labels["anatids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[anatid]]s: ([[duck]]s, [[goose|geese]] and [[swan]]s)",
	parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["annelids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[earthworm]]s, [[leech]]es, [[ragworm]]s and many other [[segment]]ed [[worm]]s in the [[phylum]] [[Annelida]]",
	parents = {"worms"},
}

labels["anglerfish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the [[order]] [[Lophiiformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["anguimorph lizards"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[alligator lizard]]s, [[beaded lizard]]s, [[blindworm]]s, [[crocodile monitor]]s, [[galliwasp]]s, [[Gila monster]]s, [[glass lizard]]s, [[goanna]]s, [[Komodo dragon]]s, [[legless lizard]]s, [[nile monitor]]s, [[perentie]]s, [[sheltopusik]]s, [[water monitor]]s, and other [[lizards]] in the [[suborder]] [[Anguimorpha]]",
	parents = {"lizards"},
}

labels["anomurans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=crablike [[crustacean]]s in the [[decapod]] [[infraorder]] [[Anomura]], which are closely related to the true [[crab]]s in the infraorder [[Brachyura]]",
	parents = {"crustaceans", "decapods"},
}

labels["anteaters and sloths"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[mammal]]s in the [[order]] [[Pilosa]]",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["antelopes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"even-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["antilopine antelopes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blackbuck]]s, [[chinkara]]s, [[dibatag]]s, [[dik-dik]]s, [[gazelle]]s, [[gerenuk]]s, [[grysbok]]s, [[klipspringer]]s, [[oribi]]s, [[royal antelope]]s, [[saiga]]s, [[springbok]]s, [[steenbok]]s, [[zeren]], and other [[antelope]]s in the [[bovid]] [[subfamily]] [[Antilopinae]]",
	parents = {"antelopes"},
}

labels["ants"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"hymenopterans"},
}

labels["antshrikes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"suboscines", "perching birds"},
}

labels["anurans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[amphibian]]s in the [[order]] [[Anura]], which are short-bodied and without tails, having long hind legs adapted for leaping that are typically folded at rest. Anurans are mostly known as [[frog]]s or [[toad]]s",
	parents = {"amphibians"},
}

labels["aphids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[insect]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Aphidoidea]]",
	parents = {"hemipterans"},
}

labels["apodiforms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[hummingbird]]s, [[needletail]]s, [[spinetail]]s, [[swift]]s, [[swiftlet]]s, [[treeswift]]s, and other [[bird]]s in the [[order]] [[Apodiformes]]",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["arachnids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"arthropods"},
}

labels["araneoid spiders"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bird dropping spider]]s, [[cobweb spiders]] (including [[black widow]]s and [[redback]]s), [[orbweaver]]s (including [[cross spider]]s and [[writing spider]]s), [[long-jawed spider]]s, [[money spider]]s, [[nesticid]]s, [[pimoid]], [[pirate spider]]s, [[tetragnathid]]s and other [[spider]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Araneoidea]]",
	parents = {"spiders"},
}

labels["argentiniform fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[argentine]]s, [[barreleye]]s, [[blacksmelt]]s, [[smoothtongue]]s and other fish in the [[order]] [[Argentiniformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["armadillos"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["arthropods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"animals"},
	commonscat = "Arthropoda",
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["aschizan flies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[fly|flies]] in the [[dipteran]] [[section]] [[Aschiza]]",
	parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["asilomorph flies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bee fly|bee flies]], [[dance fly|dance flies]], [[Mydas fly|Mydas flies]], [[robber fly|robber flies]], [[stiletto fly|stiletto flies]], [[window fly|window flies]] and other [[fly|flies]] in the [[dipteran]] [[infraorder]] [[Asilomorpha]]",
	parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["assassin bugs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[ambush bug]]s, [[assassin bug]]s, [[corsair]]s, [[feather-legged bug]]s, [[kissing bug]]s or [[conenose bug]]s, [[masked hunter]]s, [[wheel bug]]s, and other [[true bug]]s in the [[family]] [[Reduviidae]]",
	parents = {"true bugs"},
}

labels["astacideans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[crustacean]]s in the [[decapod]] [[infraorder]] [[Astacidea]], including the original [[species]] known as [[crayfish]] and [[lobster]]s, and their relatives",
	parents = {"crustaceans", "decapods"},
}

labels["atheriniform fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blue-eye]]s, [[hardyhead]]s, [[grunion]], [[jacksmelt]], [[rainbowfish]], [[silverside]]s, [[zona]], and other fish in the [[order]] [[Atheriniformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["auks"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[auk]]s, [[guillemot]]s, [[murre]]s, [[puffin]]s, [[razorbill]]s, and other [[seabird]]s in the family [[Alcidae]]",
	parents = {"seabirds"},
}


labels["aulopiform fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[daggertooth]]s, [[lancetfish]], [[sergeant baker]]s,  [[greeneye]]s, [[telescopefish]], [[lizardfish]] and other fish in the [[order]] [[Aulopiformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["Australasian robins"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the [[passerine]] [[family]] [[Petroicidae]], which are not closely related to the [[European robin]] (an [[Old World flycatcher]] in the family [[Muscicapidae]]), or the [[American robin]] (a [[thrush]] in the family [[Turdidae]])",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["baby animals"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["bandicoots and bilbies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[peramelid]]s, [[bandicoot]]s, [[marl]]s, [[quenda]]s, [[chaeropodid]]s, [[pig-footed bandicoot]]s, [[thylacomyid]]s, [[bilby|bilbies]], [[dalgite]]s,  [[rabbit-eared bandicoot]]s, [[philander]]s, [[pinkie]]s, and other [[marsupial]]s in the [[order]] [[Peramelemorphia]]",
	parents = {"marsupials"},
}

labels["barklice"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=non-[[parasitic]] [[insect]]s in the [[order]] [[Psocodea]]",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["barnacles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[crustacean]]s in the [[infraclass]] [[Cirripedia]], including the parasitic [[rhizocephalan]]s",
	parents = {"crustaceans"},
}

labels["bats"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["bees"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"hymenopterans", "beekeeping"},
}

labels["beetles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["beloniform fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[ballyhoo]], [[flying fish]], [[garfish]], [[halfbeak]]s, [[houndfish]], [[mackerel pike]]s, [[medaka]]s, [[needlefish]], [[ricefish]], [[saury|sauries]], [[silver gar]], and other fish in the [[order]] [[Beloniformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["bibionomorphs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[March fly|March flies]], [[cecidomyiid]] [[gall midge]]s, [[keroplatid]] [[fungus gnat]]s, [[mycetophilid]]s, [[sciarid]]s and other [[fly|flies]], [[gnat]]s and [[midge]]s in the [[dipteran]] [[infraorder]] [[Bibionomorpha]]",
	parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["birds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"vertebrates"},
	commonscat = "Aves",
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["birds of prey"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds that live by [[predatory]] hunting, and from [[carrion]]",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["bivalves"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[clam]]s, [[cockle]]s, [[mussel]]s, [[oyster]]s, [[scallop]]s and other [[mollusk]]s in the [[class]] [[Bivalvia]]",
	parents = {"mollusks"},
}

labels["blennies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blenny|blennies]], [[chaenopsid]]s, [[clinid]]s, [[dactyloscopid]]s, [[klipfish]], [[labrisomid]]s, [[triplefin]]s, [[weedfish]] and other fish in the [[perciform]] [[suborder]] [[Blennioidei]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["boas"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[snake]]s in the family [[Boidae]]",
	parents = {"snakes"},
}

labels["bostrichiform beetles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[carpet beetle]]s, [[deathwatch beetle]]s, [[drugstore beetle]]s, [[museum beetle]]s, [[powder-post beetle]]s, and other [[anobiid]]s/[[ptinid]]s, [[bostrichid]]s, [[dermestid]]s, [[derodontid]]s, [[jacobsoniid]]s and [[nosodendrid]]s in the [[coleopteran]] [[infraorder]] [[Bostrichiformia]]",
	parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["bovines"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"even-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["brachiopods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[animal]]s in the [[phylum]] [[Brachiopoda]]. <u>Note</u>: not to be confused with [[branchiopod]]s, which are [[crustacean]]s",
	parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["branchiopods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[[brine shrimp]], [[clam shrimp]], [[fairy shrimp]], [[tadpole shrimp]], [[water flea]]s, and other [[crustacean]]s in the [[class]] [[Branchiopoda]]. <u>Note</u>: not to be confused with [[brachiopod]]s, which are a separate [[phylum]]",
	parents = {"crustaceans"},
}

labels["bryozoans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[animal]]s in the [[phylum]] [[Bryozoa]], also known as [[Ectoprocta]]",
	parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["bulbuls"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bulbul]]s, [[greenbul]]s, [[brownbul]]s, [[leaflove]]s, [[bristlebill]]s, and other birds in the [[passerine]] [[family]] [[Pycnonotidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["buteos"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[hawk]]s in the [[genus]] ''[[Buteo]]'', known as [[buzzard]]s in Europe",
	parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["butterflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["caddis flies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=insects in the order [[Trichoptera]], which are closely related to the [[butterfly|butterflies]] and [[moth]]s but with hairs on their wings instead of scales, and which have [[aquatic]] [[larvae]] that live in cases that they build around themselves",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["caecilians"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[amphibian]]s in the [[order]] [[Gymnophiona]], which are legless and resemble [[earthworm]]s or [[snake]]s",
	parents = {"amphibians"},
}

labels["camelids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[camelid]]s ([[camel]]s, [[llama]]s, [[alpaca]]s, etc.)",
	parents = {"mammals", "even-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["canids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["caprines"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[sheep]], [[goat]]s, [[goat antelope]]s, [[chamois]], [[muskox]]en, [[bharal]], [[goral]], [[ibex]], [[mouflon]], [[serow]], [[tahr]], [[tur]], [[takin]] and other animals in the [[bovid]] [[subfamily]] [[Caprinae]], formerly known as the [[family]] Capridae",
	parents = {"even-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["caprimulgiforms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[caprimulgiform]]s: birds in the taxonomic order [[Caprimulgiformes]]- the [[nightjar]]s, [[oilbird]]s, [[frogmouth]]s, [[potoo]]s, etc",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["carcharhiniform sharks"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bull shark]]s, [[catshark]]s, [[gummy shark]]s, [[hammerhead]]s, [[leopard shark]]s, [[morgay]]s, [[requiem shark]]s, [[tiger shark]]s, [[tope]]s, [[whaler]]s, [[whitetip]]s and other sharks in the [[order]] [[Carcharhiniformes]]",
	parents = {"sharks"},
}

labels["cardinalids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cardinal]]s, [[dickcissel]]s, [[indigo bunting]]s, [[pyrrhuloxia]]s, [[rose-breasted grosbeak]]s, [[scarlet tanager]]s, and other birds in the [[family]] [[Cardinalidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["caridean shrimp"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[crustacean]]s in the [[decapod]] [[infraorder]] [[Caridea]], mostly known as [[shrimp]] or [[prawn]]s",
	parents = {"crustaceans", "decapods"},
}

labels["carnivores"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bear]]s, [[cat]]s, [[civet]]s, [[dog]]s, [[fossa]]s, [[hyaena]]s, [[mongoose]]s, [[panda]]s, [[raccoon]]s, [[seal]]s, [[skunk]]s, [[weasel]]s and various other [[mammal]]s in the [[order]] [[Carnivora]]",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["carps"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the [[subfamily]] [[Cyprininae]], the [[carps]] and [[goldfish]]",
	parents = {"cyprinids"},
}

labels["catfish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"fish", "otocephalan fish"},
}

labels["cats"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cat]]s in the sense of members of the genus ''[[Felis]]''",
	parents = {"felids"},
	commonscat = "Felis silvestris catus",
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["cattle"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"bovines", "livestock"},
}

labels["caviomorphs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[agouti]]s, [[capybara]]s, [[chinchilla]]s, [[guinea pig]]s, [[New World porcupine]]s, [[nutria]]s, [[tuco-tuco]]s and other [[rodent]]s in the parvorder [[Caviomorpha]]",
	parents = {"rodents"},
}

labels["cephalopods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"mollusks"},
}

labels["cercopithecin monkeys"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blue monkey]]s, [[Diana monkey]]s, [[guenon]]s, [[lesula]]s, [[malbrouck]]s, [[patas monkey]]s, [[talapoin]]s, [[vervet]]s, and other [[Old World monkey]]s in the [[cercopithecine]] [[tribe]] [[Cercopithecini]]",
	parents = {"Old World monkeys"},
}

labels["certhioid birds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the [[passerine]] [[superfamily]] [[Certhioidea]], the [[treecreeper]]s, [[nuthatch]]es, [[gnatcatcher]]s and [[wren]]s",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["cervids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"even-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["cetaceans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cetacean]]s ([[dolphin]]s, [[whale]]s and [[porpoise]]s)",
	parents = {"even-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["chalcidoid wasps"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[chalcidid]]s, [[encyrtid]]s, [[fig wasp]]s, [[jointworm]]s, [[mymarid]] [[fairyfly|fairyflies]], [[perilampid]]s, [[torymid]]s, [[trichogramma]]s, and other [[wasp]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Chalcidoidea]]",
	parents = {"hymenopterans"},
}

labels["characins"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the order [[Characiformes]]",
	parents = {"fish", "otocephalan fish"},
}

labels["chickens"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"poultry", "fowls"},
}

labels["chimaeras (fish)"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cartilaginous]] fish in the [[Chimaeriformes]], the only surviving [[order]] of the [[subclass]] [[Holocephali]], and separate from the [[shark]]s, [[ray]]s, [[skate]]s and [[sawfish]] of the subclass [[Elasmobranchii]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["chordates"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=animals in the [[phylum]] [[Chordata]]",
	parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["chrysomeloid beetles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cerambycid]]s or [[longhorn beetle]]s such as [[apple borer]]s, [[huhu beetle]]s, [[locust borer]]s and [[thunderbolt beetle]]s, as well as [[chrysomelid]]s or [[leaf beetle]]s such as [[asparagus beetle]]s, [[bean weevil]]s, [[Colorado beetle]]s, [[cucumber beetle]]s, [[flea beetle]]s, [[potato beetle]]s, and other [[beetle]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Chrysomeloidea]]",
	parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["cicadas"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[insect]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Cicadoidea]]",
	parents = {"hemipterans"},
}

labels["cichlids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the family [[Cichlidae]]",
	parents = {"labroid fish"},
}

labels["clinids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the family [[Clinidae]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["cnidarians"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[coral]]s, [[gorgonian]]s, [[hydra]]s, [[myxozoan]]s, [[Portuguese man-of-war]], [[sea anemone]]s, [[sea fir]]s, [[sea wasp]]s, and other animals in the  in the [[phylum]] [[Cnidaria]]",
	parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["cockatoos"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[crested]] [[parrot]]s in the [[family]] [[Cacatuidae]]",
	parents = {"parrots"},
}

labels["cockroaches"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["colobine monkeys"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[colobus]]es, [[douc]]s, [[langur]]s, [[guereza]]s, [[hanuman]]s,[[leaf monkey]]s, [[lutung]]s, [[proboscis monkey]]s, and other [[Old World monkey]]s in the [[subfamily]] [[Colobinae]]",
	parents = {"Old World monkeys"},
}

labels["colubrid snakes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[snake]]s in the family [[Colubridae]]",
	parents = {"snakes"},
}

labels["colugos"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=the [[primate]]-like [[gliding]] [[mammal]]s in the [[order]] [[Dermoptera]], also known as [[flying lemur]]s",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["columbids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[columbid]]s, i.e. [[pigeon]]s and [[dove]]s",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["copepods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[crustacean]]s in the [[subclass]] [[Copepoda]]",
	parents = {"crustaceans"},
}

labels["coraciiforms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bee-eater]]s, [[ground rollers]], [[kingfisher]]s, [[motmot]]s, [[roller]]s, [[tody|todies]] and other birds in the taxonomic order [[Coraciiformes]]",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["corvids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"perching birds", "corvoid birds"},
}

labels["corvoid birds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[apostlebird]]s, [[bird of paradise|birds of paradise]], [[crow]]s, [[drongo]]s, [[fantail]]s, [[grinder]]s, [[jackdaw]]s, [[jay]]s, [[magpie]]s, [[magpie-lark]]s, [[manucode]]s, [[monarchid]]s, [[nutcracker]]s, [[piwakawaka]]s, [[raven]]s, [[restless flycatcher]]s, [[riflebird]]s, [[shrike]]s, [[standard-wing]]s, and other birds in the [[superfamily]] [[Corvoidea]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["cotingas"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the [[suboscine]] [[family]] [[Cotingidae]]",
	parents = {"suboscines"},
}

labels["crabs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[crab]]s, [[decapod]] [[crustacean]]s in the [[infraorder]] [[Brachyura]]",
	parents = {"crustaceans", "decapods"},
}

labels["cranes (birds)"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[crane]]s",
	parents = {"gruiforms"},
}

labels["cricetids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cotton rat]]s, [[deer mouse|deer mice]], [[hamster]]s, [[harvest mouse|harvest mice]], [[lemming]]s, [[vole]]s, [[woodrat]]s, and other [[rodent]]s in the [[family]] [[Cricetidae]]",
	parents = {"rodents"},
}

labels["crickets and grasshoppers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cricket]]s, [[grasshopper]]s, [[katydid]]s, [[weta]]s and other [[insect]]s in the order [[Orthoptera]]",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["croakers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[croaker]]s, [[drum]]s, [[weakfish]]s and other fish in the family [[Sciaenidae]]",
	parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["crocodilians"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[crocodile]]s, [[alligator]]s, [[caymans]], and other [[reptile]]s in the order [[Crocodilia]]",
	parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["crustaceans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"arthropods"},
}

labels["cuckoos"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cuckoo]]s and other birds in the [[family]] [[Cuculidae]]",
	parents = {"otidimorph birds"},
}

labels["cuckooshrikes and minivets"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the [[family]] [[Campephagidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["cucujoid beetles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[flower beetle]]s, [[fungus beetle]]s, [[grain beetle]]s, [[lady beetle]]s, [[lizard beetle]]s, [[Mexican bean beetle]]s, and other [[beetle]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Cucujoidea]]",
	parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["ctenophores"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=animals in the [[phylum]] [[Ctenophora]], the [[comb jelly|comb jellies]]",
	parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["culicomorphs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[biting midge]]s, [[blackfly|blackflies]], [[blood worm]]s, [[glassworm]]s, [[meniscus midge]]s, [[mosquito]]s, [[no-see-um]]s, [[non-biting midge]]s, [[phantom midge]]s and other [[insect]]s in the [[dipteran]] [[infraorder]] [[Culicomorpha]]",
	parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["cyprinids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[carp]], [[minnow]]s, [[chub]]s and other fish in the [[family]] [[Cyprinidae]]. In some classifications, this group is known as the [[superfamily]] [[Cyprinoidea]] or [[suborder]] [[Cyprinoidei]], with the [[cyprinid]] [[subfamily|subfamilies]] considered to be families",
	parents = {"fish", "otocephalan fish"},
}

labels["dabbling ducks"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[gadwall]]s [[garganey]]s, [[mallard]]s, [[mottled duck]]s, [[pintail]]s, [[shoveler]]s, [[teal]]s, [[wigeon]]s and other ducks in either the [[anatid]] [[tribe]] [[Anatini]] or [[subfamily]] [[Anatinae]], depending on the classification",
	parents = {"ducks"},
}

labels["damselflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bluestreak]]s, [[bluetail]]s, [[demoiselle]]s, [[flatwing]]s, [[redtail]]s, [[riverdamsel]]s, [[rubyspot]]s, [[spreadwing]]s, [[threadtail]]s, [[whitetip]]s, and other insects in the [[odonate]] [[suborder]] [[Zygoptera]]",
	parents = {"dragonflies and damselflies"},
}

labels["danaine butterflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[clearwing]]s, [[crow]]s, [[milkweed]]s, [[monarch]]s, [[paper kite butterfly|paper kite butterflies]], [[tiger]]s, [[wanderer]]s and other [[butterfly|butterflies]] in the [[nymphalid]] [[subfamily]] [[Danainae]]",
	parents = {"nymphalid butterflies"},
}

labels["dasyuromorphs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[thylacine]]s, [[numbat]]s, [[dasyure]]s, [[antechinus]]es, [[dibbler]]s, [[dunnart]]s, [[mulgara]]s. [[phascogale]]s, [[planigale]]s, [[quoll]]s, [[Tasmanian devil]]s, and other [[marsupial]]s in the [[order]] [[Dasyuromorphia]]",
	parents = {"marsupials"},
}

labels["decapods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[crabs]], [[crayfish]], [[lobster]]s, [[prawn]]s, ([[caridean]]) [[shrimp]], and many other [[crustacean]]s in the [[order]] [[Decapoda]]",
	parents = {"crustaceans"},
}

labels["delphinids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=(oceanic) [[dolphin]]s, [[grampus]]es, [[killer whale]]s/[[orca]]s, [[pilot whale]]s, and other [[cetacean]]s in the [[family]] [[Delphinidae]]",
	additional = "Note: [[river dolphin]]s and [[porpoise]]s are in other families.",
	parents = {"cetaceans"},
}

labels["designer dogs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"dogs"},
	commonscat = true,
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["dinosaurs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["dionychan spiders"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[crab spider]]s, [[flattie]]s, [[ground spider]]s, [[huntsman spider]]s, [[jumping spider]], [[scorpion spider]]s, and other [[spiders]] in the [[entelegyne]] [[clade]] [[Dionycha]]",
	parents = {"spiders"},
}

labels["dipterans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[fly|flies]], [[gnat]]s, [[midge]]s, [[mosquito]]s and other [[insect]]s in the order [[Diptera]]",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["dogs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"canids"},
	commonscat = true,
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["domestic cats"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"cats"},
}

labels["dragonflies and damselflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=insects in the order [[Odonata]]",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["ducks"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"anatids", "poultry"},
}

labels["dugongs and manatees"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[mammal]]s in the order [[Sirenia]]",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["eagles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["earthworms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=worms in the [[annelid]] [[suborder]] [[Lumbricina]]",
	parents = {"annelids"},
}

labels["earwigs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=insects in the order [[Dermaptera]]",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["echinoderms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"animals"},
	commonscat = "Echinodermata",
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["eels"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[eel]]s, elongated, snakelike fish in the order [[Anguilliformes]]",
	parents = {"elopomorph fish"},
}

labels["elapid snakes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cobra]]s, [[coral snake]]s, [[krait]]s, [[mamba]]s, [[sea snake]]s, and other [[venomous]] snakes in the family [[Elapidae]]",
	parents = {"snakes"},
}

labels["elateroid beetles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[click beetle]]s/[[elaterid]]s, [[fire beetle]]s, [[firefly|fireflies]]/[[lampyrid]]s, [[glowworm]]s, [[net-winged beetle]]s/[[lycid]]s, [[railroad worm]]s/[[phengodid]]s, [[soldier beetle]]s/[[cantharid]]s, [[throscid]]s, [[wireworm]]s and other [[beetle]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Elateroidea]]",
	parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["elephants"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"mammals"},
	commonscat = "Elephantidae",
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["elopomorph fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bonefish]], [[eel]]s, [[gulper eel]]s, [[halosaur]]s, [[ladyfish]], [[tarpon]] and other fish in the [[superorder]] [[Elopomorpha]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["emberizids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bunting]]s, [[yellowhammer]]s and related birds in the [[passerine]] family [[Emberizidae]]",
	additional = "<u>Note</u>: for New World species that were formerly classified in this family, see [[:Category:{{{langcode}}}:New World sparrows]].",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["emydid turtles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=(North American) [[box turtle]]s, [[chicken turtle]]s, [[cooter]]s, [[ellachick]]s, [[pond turtle]]s, [[slider]]s, [[terrapin]]s, and other [[turtle]]s in the [[family]] [[Emydidae]]",
	parents = {"turtles"},
}

labels["equids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"odd-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["erinaceids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[erinaceid]]s – hedgehogs and relatives",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["euplerids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[euplerid]]s &mdash; mongoose-like mammals found in Madagascar",
	parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["even-toed ungulates"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[mammal]]s in the [[order]] [[Artiodactyla]]",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["falconids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[caracara]]s, [[falcon]]s, [[hobby|hobbies]], [[kestrel]]s, [[lanner]]s, [[merlin]]s, [[saker]]s, and other birds in the [[family]] [[Falconidae]]",
	parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["felids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["female animals"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"animals", "female"},
}

labels["fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"vertebrates"},
	commonscat = true,
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["flamingos"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["flatfish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[sole]]s, [[flounder]]s, [[halibut]]s and other fish in the order [[Pleuronectiformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["flatworms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[fluke]]s, [[monogenean]]s, [[planarian]]s, [[polyclad]]s, [[tapeworm]]s, and other animals in the [[phylum]] [[Platyhelminthes]]",
	additional = "For terms related to the study of [[parasitic]] [[worm#Noun|worms]], see [[:Category:Helminthology]] and its subcategories.",
	parents = {"worms"},
}

labels["fleas"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["fowls"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[fowl]]s: land birds in the [[order]] [[Galliformes]]",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["foxes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"canids"},
}

labels["freshwater birds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds that live mainly in [[freshwater]] areas, including [[estuaries]]",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["freshwater whitefish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cisco]]s, [[houting]]s, [[inconnu]]s, [[lavaret]]s, [[marena]]s, [[omul]]s, [[Otsego bass]], [[peled]]s, [[pollan]]s, [[roundfish]], [[tullibee]]s, [[vendace]]s, [[whitefish]] and other fish in the [[salmonid]] [[subfamily]] [[Coregoninae]]",
	parents = {"salmonids"},
}

labels["frogs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"anurans"},
}

labels["gadiforms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cod]], [[haddock]], [[hake]] and other fish in the [[order]] [[Gadiformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["gasterosteiform fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[stickleback]]s, [[hypoptychid]] [[sand eel]]s, [[tubesnout]]s and other fish in the [[order]] [[Gasterosteiformes]]",
	additional = "Note: See [[:Category:Syngnathiform fish]] for a group formerly included within this order.",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["gastropods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"mollusks"},
}

labels["geckos"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[lizard]]s in the [[infraorder]] [[Gekkota]], except for the [[legless lizards]] or [[pygopod]]s",
	parents = {"lizards"},
}

labels["geese"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"anatids", "poultry"},
}

labels["geometrid moths"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[carpet]]s, [[engrailed]]s, [[heath]]s, [[pug]]s, [[peppered moth]]s, [[streak]]s, [[wave]]s and other [[moth]]s in the [[family]] [[Geometridae]], most of which have [[caterpillar]]s known as [[inchworm]]s, [[looper]]s, [[measuring worm]]s or [[spanworm]]s",
	parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["goats"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"caprines", "livestock"},
}

labels["gobies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[goby|gobies]], [[dartfish]], [[mudskipper]]s, [[sea gudgeon]]s, [[sleeper]]s, [[wormfish]], and other [[fish]] in the [[perciform]] [[suborder]] [[Gobioidei]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["gossamer-winged butterflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blue]]s, [[copper]]s, [[elfin]]s, [[harvester]]s, [[hairstreak]]s, [[sunbeam]]s and other [[butterfly|butterflies]] in the [[family]] [[Lycaenidae]]",
	parents = {"butterflies"},
}

labels["grebes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["grouse"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blackcock]]s, [[capercaillie]]s, [[grouse]], [[moorcock]]s, [[prairie chicken]]s, [[ptarmigan]]s, [[sagehen]]s, and other birds in the [[phasianid]] [[subfamily]] [[Tetraoninae]]",
	parents = {"fowls"},
}

labels["gruiforms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[coot]]s, [[crake]]s, [[crane]]s, [[finfoot]]s, [[flufftail]]s, [[gallinule]]s, [[limpkin]]s, [[rail]]s, [[sungrebe]]s, [[trumpeter]]s, and other birds in the [[order]] [[Gruiformes]]",
	parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["gulls"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[gull]]s, [[seabird]]s in the [[family]] [[Laridae]]",
	parents = {"seabirds"},
}

labels["gun dogs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"hunting dogs"},
}

labels["hares"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"lagomorphs"},
}

labels["hemipterans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[aphid]]s, [[leafhopper]]s, [[scale insect]]s, [[true bug]]s, [[whitefly|whiteflies]], and other [[insect]]s in the order [[Hemiptera]]",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["herding dogs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"pastoral dogs"},
}

labels["herons"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[heron]]s, [[bittern]]s and [[egret]]s",
	parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["herpestids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[herpestid]]s- mongooses, meerkats, and relatives",
	parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["herrings"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[herring]]s, [[shad]]s, [[sardine]]s and other fish in the family [[Clupeidae]]",
	parents = {"fish", "otocephalan fish"},
}

labels["holostean fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[gar]]s and [[bowfin]]s, primitive fish in the [[infraclass]] [[Holostei]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["hominids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"primates"},
}

labels["honeyeaters"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=Australian [[chat]]s, [[bellbird]]s, [[friarbird]]s, [[gibberbird]]s, [[honeyeater]]s, [[miner]]s, [[spinebill]]s, [[wattlebird]]s, and other birds in the [[family]] [[Meliphagidae]]",
	parents = {"meliphagoid birds"},
}

labels["hoopoes and hornbills"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[hoopoe]]s, [[woodhoopoe]]s (including [[scimitarbill]]s), [[hornbill]]s, [[ground hornbill]]s, and other birds in the taxonomic order [[Bucerotiformes]]",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["horseflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blind-fly|blind-flies]], [[breezefly|breezeflies]], [[cleg]]s, [[deerfly|deerflies]], [[forest fly|forest flies]], [[gadfly|gadflies]], [[horsefly|horseflies]], [[oxfly|oxflies]], [[zimb]]s, and other biting flies in the [[family]] [[Tabanidae]]",
	parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["horse breeds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"horses"},
	commonscat = true,
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["horses"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"equids", "livestock"},
}

labels["hummingbirds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"apodiforms"},
}

labels["hunting dogs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"dogs"},
}

labels["hyaenids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["hydrozoans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bluebottle]]s, [[calycophoran]]s, [[filiferan]]s, [[hydra]]s, [[hydractinian]]s, [[leptothecate]]s, [[narcomedusa]]s, [[pandeid]]s, [[physonect]]s, [[plumularian]]s, [[Portuguese man-of-war]]s, [[siphonophore]]s, [[stylaster]]s, [[sea fir]]s, [[sea ginger]], [[trachylid]]s, [[trachymedusa]]s, amd other animals in the [[cnidarian]] [[class]] [[Hydrozoa]]",
	parents = {"cnidarians"},
}

labels["hymenopterans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[ant]]s, [[bee]]s, [[ichneumon wasp]]s, [[sawfly|sawflies]], [[wasp]]s and other [[insect]]s in the order [[Hymenoptera]]",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["hyraxes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["ibises and spoonbills"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[ibis]]es and [[spoonbill]]s",
	parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["ichthyosauromorphs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[ichthyosaurs]] and related groups of [[extinct]] [[aquatic]] [[reptile]]s in the [[clade]] [[Ichthyosauromorpha]]",
	parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["icterids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the [[New World]] [[passerine]] family [[Icteridae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["iguanoid lizards"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[anole]]s, [[basilisk]]s, [[collared lizard]]s, [[chuckwalla]]s, [[fence lizard]]s, [[fringe-toed lizard]]s, [[horned lizard]]s, [[iguana]]s, [[leopard lizard]]s, [[side-blotched lizard]]s, [[zebra-tailed lizard]]s and other [[lizard]]s formerly included in the [[family]] [[Iguanidae]], and now mostly treated as comprising either the [[infraorder]] [[Pleurodonta]] or the [[superfamily]] [[Iguanoidea]]",
	parents = {"lizards"},
}

labels["insects"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"arthropods"},
}

labels["isopods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[gribble]]s, [[pillbug]]s, [[salve bug]]s, [[slater]]s, [[sea slater]]s, [[sowbug]]s, [[woodlouse|woodlice]], and other [[crustacean]]s in the [[order]] [[Isopoda]]",
	parents = {"crustaceans"},
}

labels["jackfish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[jack]]s, [[pompano]]s, [[jack mackerel]]s, [[scad]]s and other fish in the family [[Carangidae]]",
	parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["jawless fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[lamprey]]s and [[hagfish]]: primitive eel-like fishes that have no jaws",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["kingfishers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"coraciiforms"},
}

labels["kites (birds)"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[hawk]]s in the [[accipitrid]] [[subfamily|subfamilies]] [[Milvinae]] and [[Elaninae]], as well as some in the subfamily [[Perninae]]",
	parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["kyphosid fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blackfish]], [[drummer]]s, [[footballer]]s, [[greenfish]], [[halfmoon]]s, [[luderick]]s, [[mado]]s, [[moonlighter]]s, [[nibbler]]s, [[opaleye]]s, [[sea chub]]s, [[stripey]]s, [[sweep]]s and other fish in the [[percoid]] [[family]] [[Kyphosidae]]",
	parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["labroid fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[anemonefish]], [[cale]]s, [[cichlid]]s, [[clownfish]], [[damselfish]], [[parrotfish]], [[surfperch]], [[wrasse]]s, and other fish in the [[perciform]] [[suborder]] [[Labroidei]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["labyrinth fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[climbing perch]], [[gourami]]s, [[paradisefish]], [[Siamese fighting fish]] and other fish in the [[suborder]] [[Anabantoidei]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["lacertoid lizards"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[amphisbaena]]s, [[caiman lizard]]s, [[green lizard]]s, [[ocellated lizard]]s, [[racerunner]]s, [[rock lizard]]s, [[tegu]]s, [[teiid]]s, [[thunderworm]]s, [[viviparous lizard]]s, [[wall lizard]]s, [[whiptail]]s, and other [[lizard]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Lacertoidea]]",
	parents = {"lizards"},
}

labels["lagomorphs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["lamniform sharks"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[basking shark]]s, [[goblin shark]]s, [[great white shark]]s, [[mako shark]]s, [[megamouth shark]]s, [[porbeagle]]s, [[sand shark]]s,  [[thresher shark]]s, and other [[shark]]s in the [[order]] [[Lamniformes]]",
	parents = {"sharks"},
}

labels["lampriform fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[crestfish]], [[oarfish]], [[opah]]s, [[ribbonfish]], [[velifer]]s and other fish in the [[order]] [[Lampridiformes]] (not to be confused with the unrelated [[lamprey]]s)",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["larks"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["laughingthrushes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the [[family]] [[Leiothrichidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["leaf warblers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the family [[Phylloscopidae]]",
	parents = {"warblers"},
}

labels["lesser apes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[gibbon]]s (including [[hoolock]]s, [[lar gibbon]]s [[wow-wow]]s, etc.) and  [[siamang]]s, comprising the [[family]] [[Hylobatidae]], which is closely related to the [[hominid]]s",
	parents = {"primates"},
}

labels["leuciscine fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bream]]s, [[chub]]s, [[dace]]s, [[ide]]s, many [[minnow]]s, [[nase]]s, [[roach]]es, [[shiner]]s, [[ziege]]s, and other fish in the [[cyprinid]] [[subfamily]] [[Leuciscinae]], sometimes treated as the [[family]] [[Leuciscidae]], or as the [[tribe]] [[Leuciscini]] within the [[subfamily]] [[Cyprininae]]",
	parents = {"cyprinids"},
}

labels["libellulid dragonflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[amberwing]]s, [[basker]]s, [[darter]]s, [[dropwing]]s, [[duskhawk]]s, [[flutterer]]s, [[glider]]s, [[meadowhawk]]s, [[pennant]]s, [[percher]]s, [[skimmer]]s, [[slimwing]]s, [[swampdragon]]s, [[twister]]s, and other [[dragonfly|dragonflies]] in the [[family]] [[Libellulidae]]",
	parents = {"dragonflies and damselflies"},
}

labels["lice"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[parasitic]] insects in the [[order]] [[Psocodea]]",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["limenitidine butterflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[admiral]]s, [[clipper]]s, [[count]]s, [[duke]]s, [[purple]]s, [[sister]]s, and other [[butterfly|butterflies]] in the [[nymphalid]] [[subfamily]] [[Limenitidinae]]",
	parents = {"nymphalid butterflies"},
}

labels["littorinimorphs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[boat shell]]s, [[carrier shell]]s, [[conch]]s, [[cowry|cowries]], [[flamingo tongue]]s, [[helmet shell]]s, [[moon snail]]s, [[pebblesnail]]s, [[trumpet shell]]s, [[velutinid]]s, [[winkle]]s, [[worm-shell]]s, and other [[gastropod]]s in the [[order]] [[Littorinimorpha]]",
	parents = {"gastropods"},
}

labels["livestock guardian dogs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"pastoral dogs"},
}

labels["lizards"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["loaches"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the [[cypriniform]] [[superfamily]] [[Cobitoidea]]",
	parents = {"fish", "otocephalan fish"},
}

labels["lobe-finned fishes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[coelacanth]]s, [[lungfish]] and other fishes in the [[subclass]] [[Sarcopterygii]] of the [[bony fish]]es",
	additional = "<u>Please note</u>: although the [[tetrapod]]s (including all [[reptile]]s, [[amphibian]]s, [[bird]]s and [[mammal]]s) are descended from within this group, they are excluded from this category by not being fish.",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["loons"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[loon]]s, birds known as [[diver]]s outside the US",
	parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["macaques"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[Barbary ape]]s, [[bonnet monkey]]s, [[crab-eating macaque]]s, [[Japanese macaque]]s, [[moor macaque]]s, [[pigtail macaque]]s, [[rhesus monkey]]s, [[toque]]s, and other [[Old World monkey]]s in the [[genus]] ''[[Macaca]]''",
	parents = {"Old World monkeys"},
}

labels["macropods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bettong]]s, [[kangaroo]]s, [[pademelon]]s, [[potoroo]]s, [[quokka]]s, [[wallaby]]s, and other [[marsupial]]s in the [[diprotodont]] [[suborder]] [[Macropodiformes]]",
	parents = {"marsupials"},
}

labels["malaconotoid birds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[Australian magpie]]s, [[bushshrike]]s, [[butcherbird]]s, [[boubou]]s, [[brubru]]s, [[currawong]]s, [[gonolek]]s, [[squeaker]]s, [[vanga]]s, and other birds in the [[passerine]] [[superfamily]] [[Malaconotoidea]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["male animals"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"animals", "male"},
}

labels["mammals"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"vertebrates"},
}

labels["mantids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=insects in the [[order]] [[Mantodea]], often known as [[praying mantis]]es",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["marsupials"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["mayflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=insects in the [[order]] [[Ephemeroptera]]",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["megalopterans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[alderfly|alderflies]], [[dobsonfly|dobsonflies]], [[fishfly|fishflies]] and other insects in the [[order]] [[Megaloptera]]",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["meliphagoid birds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blue wren]]s, [[bristlebird]]s, [[emu-wren]]s, [[fairywren]]s, [[gerygone]]s, [[grasswren]]s, [[honeyeater]]s, [[pardalote]]s, [[pilotbird]]s, [[redthroat]]s, [[scrubwren]]s, [[thornbill]]s, [[weebill]]s, [[whiteface]]s, and other birds in the [[passerine]] [[superfamily]] [[Meliphagoidea]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["mephitids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[mephitid]]s: skunks and stink badgers",
	parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["mergansers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[diving]] [[duck]]s in the [[genus]] ''[[Mergus]]'' and a few similar species",
	parents = {"ducks"},
}

labels["mimids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[catbird]]s, [[mockingbird]]s, [[thrasher]]s and other birds in the [[passerine]] family [[Mimidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["mites and ticks"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[arachnid]]s in the [[subclass]] [[Acari]]",
	parents = {"arachnids"},
}

labels["mollusks"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"animals"},
	commonscat = "Mollusca",
	wpcat = "Molluscs",
}

labels["monkeys"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"primates"},
}

labels["monotremes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["mosquitoes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[insect]]s in the [[dipteran]] [[family]] [[Culicidae]]",
	parents = {"culicomorphs"},
}

labels["moths"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["murids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=a number of [[rats]], [[mice]], and other [[rodent]]s in the [[Old World]] [[family]] [[Muridae]]",
	parents = {"rodents"},
}

labels["muscicapids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the [[passerine]] family [[Muscicapidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["muscoid flies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[anthomyiid]]s such as [[root fly|root flies]], [[cabbage fly|cabbage flies]] and [[onion fly|onion flies]]; [[fanniid]]s; [[muscid]]s such as [[housefly|houseflies]], [[face fly|face flies]] and [[stable fly|stable flies]]; [[scathophagid]]s such as [[dungfly|dungflies]]; and other [[fly|flies]] in the [[dipteran]] [[superfamily]] [[Muscoidea]]",
	parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["mustelids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["mygalomorph spiders"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[baboon spider]]s, [[barking spider]]s, [[bird spider]]s, [[purseweb spider]]s, [[tarantula]]s, [[trapdoor spider]]s, and other [[spider]]s in the [[infraorder]] [[Mygalomorphae]]",
	parents = {"spiders"},
}

labels["myriapods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[centipede]]s, [[millipede]]s, [[pauropod]]s, [[symphylan]]s,  and other [[arthropod]]s in the [[subphylum]] [[Myriapoda]]",
	parents = {"arthropods"},
}

labels["myrmicine ants"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[ant]]s in the [[subfamily]] [[Myrmicinae]]",
	parents = {"ants"},
}

labels["nematodes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[filaria]], [[gapeworm]]s, [[lungworm]]s, [[pinworm]]s, [[threadworm]]s, [[wheatworm]]s, [[whipworm]]s and other [[worm]]s in the [[phylum]] [[Nematoda]]",
	parents = {"worms"},
}

labels["neogastropods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[admiral shell]]s, [[cone snail]]s, [[harp shell]]s,  [[murex]]es, [[olive]]s, [[rhombus]]es, [[spindle]]s, [[tulip shell]]s, [[turnip shell]]s, [[volute]]s, [[whelk]]s, [[winkle]]s and other [[gastropod]]s in the [[clade]] [[Neogastropoda]] (treated as an [[order]] in some classifications)",
	parents = {"gastropods"},
}

labels["New World monkeys"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[capuchin]]s, [[howler monkey]]s, [[marmoset]]s, [[night monkey]]s, [[saki]]s, [[spider monkey]]s, [[squirrel monkey]]s, [[tamarin]]s, [[titi]]s, [[uakari]]s, [[woolly monkey]]s, and other [[monkey]]s in the [[parvorder]] [[Platyrrhini]]",
	parents = {"monkeys"},
}

labels["New World quails"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the [[family]] [[Odontophoridae]], most of which live in the [[New World]] and are known as [[quail]]s, but the family also includes the African [[genus]] ''[[Ptilopachus]]'' and some [[species]] are known as partridges",
	parents = {"fowls"},
}

labels["New World sparrows"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[sparrow]]- and [[finch]]-like birds in the [[passerine]] [[family]] [[Passerellidae]], until recently considered part of the family [[Emberizidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["New World warblers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the family [[Parulidae]]",
	parents = {"warblers"},
}

labels["neuropterans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[antlion]]s, [[lacewing]]s, [[mantisfly|mantisflies]], [[owlfly|owlflies]] and other insects in the [[order]] [[Neuroptera]]",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["newts"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[terrestrial]] [[salamander]]s in the [[subfamily]] [[Pleurodelinae]]",
	parents = {"salamanders"},
}

labels["noctuoid moths"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[armyworm]]s, [[cinnabar]]s, [[corn earworm]]s, [[cutworm]]s, [[gypsy moth]]s, [[owlet moth]]s, [[processionary|processionaries]], [[tiger moth]]s, [[underwing]]s, [[wainscot]]s, [[wooly bear]]s, and many other [[moth]]s (and [[caterpillar]]s) in the [[superfamily]] [[Noctuoidea]]",
	parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["nudibranchs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[sea slug]]s in the [[gastropod]] [[order]] [[Nudibranchia]]",
	parents = {"gastropods"},
}

labels["nymphalid butterflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[admiral]]s, [[brown]]s, [[buckeye]]s, [[checkerspot]]s, [[emperor]]s, [[fritillary|fritillaries]], [[leafwing]]s, [[longwing]]s, [[monarch]]s, [[morpho]]s, [[painted lady|painted ladies]], [[ringlet]]s, [[satyr]]s, [[sister]]s, [[snout]]s, [[tortoiseshell]]s, and other butterflies in the [[family]] [[Nymphalidae]]",
	parents = {"butterflies"},
}

labels["octopuses"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"cephalopods"},
}

labels["odd-toed ungulates"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[mammal]]s in the [[order]] [[Perissodactyla]], including the [[equid]]s, [[tapir]]s and [[rhinoceros]]es",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["oestroid flies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blowfly|blowflies]], [[bluebottle]]s, [[botfly|botflies]], [[flesh fly|flesh fles]], [[greenbottle]]s, [[mango fly|mango flies]], [[screwworm]]s, [[tachinid]]s, [[torsalo]]s, [[tumbu fly|tumbu flies]], [[warble fly|warble flies]], and other flies in the [[superfamily]] [[Oestroidea]]",
	parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["Old World monkeys"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[baboon]]s, [[colobus]],  [[douc]]s, [[gelada]]s, [[green monkey]]s, [[grivet]]s, [[langur]]s, [[malbrouck]]s, [[mandrill]]s, [[mangabey]]s, [[patas monkey]]s, [[proboscis monkey]]s, [[talapoin]]s, [[vervet]]s, and other [[monkeys]] in the [[family]] [[Cercopithecidae]], the only [[members]] of the [[parvorder]] [[Catarrhini]] aside from the greater/lesser apes and humans",
	parents = {"monkeys"},
}

labels["Old World orioles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[perching bird]]s in the [[family]] [[Oriolidae]], which are not closely related to the New World orioles in the family [[Icteridae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["ornithopods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[camptosaurid]]s, [[hadrosaur]]s, [[iguanodontid]]s, [[lambeosaurid]]s, [[rhabdodontid]]s, [[saurolophid]]s, [[thescelosaurid]]s, [[trachodontid]]s, and other [[dinosaur]]s in the [[ornithischian]] [[clade]] [[Ornithopoda]]",
	parents = {"dinosaurs"},
}

labels["osteoglossomorph fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[aba]]s, [[arapaima]]s, [[arowana]]s, [[butterfly fish]],  [[elephantfish]], [[featherback]]s, [[mooneye]]s and other fish in the [[superorder]] [[Osteoglossomorpha]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["otariid seals"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[mammal]]s in the [[family]] [[Otariidae]], including the [[fur seal]]s and [[sea lion]]s",
	parents = {"pinnipeds"},
}

labels["otidimorph birds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bustard]]s in the [[family]] [[Otididae]] and [[order]] [[Otidiformes]]; [[turaco]]s or [[lourie]]s, [[go-away bird]]s, [[plantain-eater]]s, etc., in the [[family]] [[Musophagidae]] and [[order]] [[Musophagiformes]]; and [[cuckoo]]s in the [[family]] [[Cuculidae]] and [[order]] [[Cuculiformes]]; all in the [[clade]] [[Otidimorphae]]",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["otocephalan fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[anchovy|anchovies]], [[beaked salmon]], [[carp]], [[catfish]], [[characin]]s, [[electric eel]]s, [[ghost knifefish]], [[herring]]s, [[loach]]es, [[milkfish]], [[minnow]]s, [[mousefish]], [[slickhead]]s, [[sucker]]s, [[tubeshoulder]]s, and other fish in the [[clade]] [[Otocephala]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["ovenbirds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the [[suboscine]] family [[Furnariidae]], including the former family Dendrocolaptidae (now the [[subfamily]] [[Dendrocolaptinae]])",
	parents = {"suboscines"},
}

labels["owls"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["pangolins"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[mammal]]s in the [[order]] [[Pholidota]]",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["panthers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[panther]]s in the sense of members of the genus ''[[Panthera]]''",
	parents = {"felids"},
}

labels["parrots"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["pastoral dogs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"dogs"},
}

labels["penguins"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["pentatomoid bugs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[acanthosomatid]]s, [[burrowing bug]]s,  [[jewel bug]]s, [[shield bug]]s, [[stinkbug]]s, [[thyreocorid]]s, and other [[true bug]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Pentatomoidea]]",
	parents = {"true bugs"},
}

labels["perch and darters"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the family [[Percidae]]",
	parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["perching birds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[passerine]]s or perching birds: members of the order [[Passeriformes]]",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["percoid fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[archerfish]], [[bass]], [[bigeye]]s,  [[bluefish]], [[butterflyfish]], [[cardinalfish]], [[cobia]], [[croaker]]s, [[flagtail]]s, [[goatfish]], [[grouper]]s, [[grunt]]s, [[horse mackerel]], [[jack]]s, [[jawfish]], [[leaffish]], [[mahi-mahi]], [[mojarra]], [[perch]], [[pomfret]]s, [[pompano]], [[ponyfish]], [[porgy|porgies]], [[remora]]s, [[roosterfish]], [[sea bass]], [[sea bream]], [[snapper]], [[sunfish]], [[sweeper]]s,  [[threadfin]], [[tilefish]], [[wreckfish]], and other [[perciform]] fish in the [[superfamily]] [[Percoidea]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["phiomorphs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blesmol]]s, [[sand mole]]s, [[mole rat]]s, [[dassie rat]]s or [[rock rat]]s, [[Old World porcupine]]s, [[cane rat]]s or [[grasscutter]]s and other [[rodent]]s in the parvorder [[Phiomorpha]], which is the Old World counterpart of the [[caviomorph]]s",
	parents = {"rodents"},
}


labels["phocid seals"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[mammal]]s in the [[family]] [[Phocidae]], including the [[earless seal]]s (also known as [[true seal]]s)",
	parents = {"pinnipeds"},
}

labels["piciforms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[woodpecker]]s, [[aracari]]s, [[coppersmith]]s, [[honeyguide]]s, [[jacamar]]s, [[nunlet]]s, [[puffbird]]s, [[toucan]]s, and other birds in the [[order]] [[Piciformes]]",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["pierid butterflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[brimstone]]s, [[orange tip]]s, [[sulfur]]s, [[white]]s and other [[butterfly|butterflies]] in the [[family]] [[Pieridae]]",
	parents = {"butterflies"},
}

labels["pigs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"even-toed ungulates", "livestock"},
	commonscat = "Suidae",
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["pikes (fish)"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the family [[Esocidae]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["pinnipeds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["pipits and wagtails"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the [[passerine]] family [[Motacillidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["placoderms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[extinct]] armored fish of the [[class]] [[Placodermi]] from the [[Silurian]] and [[Devonian]] [[geologic]] [[period]]s",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["plovers and lapwings"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=birds in the [[charadriiform]] [[family]] [[Charadriidae]]",
	parents = {"shorebirds"},
}

labels["pomfrets"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the family [[Bramidae]]",
	parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["primates"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"mammals"},
	commonscat = true,
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["procyonids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[procyonid]]s: ([[raccoon]]s, [[coati]]s, [[kinkajou]]s, [[olingo]]s, [[ringtail]]s and [[cacomistle]]s)",
	parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["prosimians"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"primates"},
}

labels["pterosaurs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["pyraloid moths"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bee moth]]s, [[flour moth]]s, [[leaf crumpler]]s, [[magpie moth]]s, [[melonworm]]s, [[mint moth]]s, [[orangeworm]]s, [[pantry moth]]s, [[pickleworm]]s, [[snout moth]]s, [[veneer moth]]s, [[wax moth]]s and other [[crambid]] and [[pyralid]] [[moths]] in the [[superfamily]] [[Pyraloidea]]",
	parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["rabbits"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"lagomorphs"},
}

labels["rallids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[rallid]]s: [[rail]]s and other birds in the family [[Rallidae]]",
	parents = {"gruiforms"},
}

labels["ratites"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[ratite]]s: birds in the superorder [[Palaeognathae]], including large flightless birds such as [[ostrich]]es, and [[emu]]s, as well as the smaller [[kiwi]]s and [[flighted]] [[tinamous]]",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["rays and skates"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[fish]] in the superorder [[Batoidea]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["reindeers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"cervids"},
}

labels["reptiles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"vertebrates"},
	commonscat = "Reptilia",
	wpcat = true,
}

labels["retrievers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"gun dogs"},
}

labels["rhinoceroses"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[rhinoceros]]es, [[mammal]]s in the [[perissodactylic]] [[family]] [[Rhinocerotidae]]",
	parents = {"odd-toed ungulates"},
}

labels["rodents"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["salamanders"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[amphiuma]]s, [[axolotl]]s, [[hellbender]]s, [[mud puppy|mud puppies]], [[olm]]s, [[newt]]s, [[salamander]]s, [[siren]]s, and other [[amphibian]]s in the [[order]] [[Caudata]]",
	parents = {"amphibians"},
}

labels["salmonids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[salmon]]s, [[trout]], and other fish in the family [[Salmonidae]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["saturniid moths"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[Atlas moth]]s, [[cecropia]]s, [[hickory horned devil]]s, [[io moth]]s, [[luna moth]]s, [[polyphemus moth]]s, and other [[moth]]s (and [[caterpillar]]s) in the [[family]] [[Saturniidae]]",
	parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["satyrine butterflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[brown]]s, [[forester]]s, [[grayling]]s, [[heath]]s, [[palmfly|palmflies]], [[ringlet]]s, [[satyr]]s, and other [[butterfly|butterflies]] in the [[nymphalid]] [[subfamily]] [[Satyrinae]]",
	parents = {"nymphalid butterflies"},
}

labels["sauropods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[apatosaur]]s, [[brachiosaur]]s, [[brontosaur]]s, [[camarasaur]]s, [[cetiosaur]]s, [[diplodocus]]es, [[saltasaurid]]s, [[titanosaurian]]s, [[turiasaur]]s, [[vulcanodontid]]s, and other [[dinosaurs]] in the [[saurischian]] [[infraorder]] [[Sauropoda]]",
	parents = {"dinosaurs"},
}

labels["sauropterygians"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[elasmosaur]]s, [[placodont]]s, [[plesiosaur]]s, and other extinct aquatic [[reptile]]s in the [[superorder]] [[Sauropterygia]]",
	parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["sawflies and wood wasps"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[horntail]]s, [[pigeon tremex]], [[rose slug]]s, [[sawfly|sawflies]], [[wood wasp]]s, and other primitive [[hymenopteran]]s in the [[suborder]] [[Symphyta]]",
	parents = {"hymenopterans"},
}

labels["scale insects"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[insect]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Coccoidea]]",
	parents = {"hemipterans"},
}

labels["scarabaeoids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cockchafer]]s, [[dor]]s, [[dung beetle]]s, [[June beetle]]s, [[rain beetle]]s, [[rose chafer]]s, [[scarab]]s, [[stag beetle]]s, and other beetles in the [[superfamily]] [[Scarabaeoidea]]",
	parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["scenthounds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"hunting dogs"},
}

labels["scincomorph lizards"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[blue-tongue lizard]]s, [[night lizard]]s, [[sandfish]], [[skink]]s, [[sungazer]]s, and other [[lizard]]s in the [[infraorder]] [[Scincomorpha]]",
	parents = {"lizards"},
}

labels["scolopacids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[curlew]]s, [[dunlin]]s, [[godwit]]s, [[knot]]s, [[redshank]]s, [[ruff]]s, [[sandpiper]]s, [[snipe]]s, [[stint]]s, [[turnstone]]s, [[tattler]]s, [[whimbrel]]s, [[woodcock]]s, [[yellowleg]]s, and other birds in the [[charadriiform]] [[family]] [[Scolopacidae]]",
	parents = {"shorebirds"},
}

labels["scombroids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[mackerel]]s, [[tuna]]s, [[barracuda]]s, [[swordfish]], and other fish in the suborder [[Scombroidei]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["scorpaeniform fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bullhead]]s, [[cabezon]], [[golomyanka]], [[greenling]]s, [[gurnard]]s, [[Irish lord]], [[lionfish]], [[lumpsucker]]s, [[pigfish]], [[poacher]]s, [[sablefish]], [[scorpionfish]], [[sculpin]]s, [[sea raven]]s, [[sea toad]]s, [[skilfish]], [[snailfish]], [[stonefish]], [[wingfish]], and other fish in the [[order]] [[Scorpaeniformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["scorpions"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=true [[scorpion]]s: [[arachnid]]s in the [[order]] [[Scorpiones]]",
	parents = {"arachnids"},
}

labels["screamers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[screamer]]s: birds in the family [[Anhimidae]], related to [[duck]]s and [[geese]]",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["seabirds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["sea anemones"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cnidarian]]s in the [[order]] [[Actiniaria]]",
	parents = {"cnidarians"},
}

labels["sea cucumbers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[echinoderm]]s in the [[class]] [[Holothuroidea]]",
	parents = {"echinoderms"},
}

labels["sea urchins"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[echinoderm]]s in the [[class]] [[Echinoidea]], including the [[sand dollar]]s",
	parents = {"echinoderms"},
}

labels["sea turtles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[flatback]]s, [[green turtle]]s, [[hawksbill]]s, [[leatherback]]s, [[loggerhead]]s, [[ridley]]s, and other [[turtle]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Chelonioidea]]",
	parents = {"turtles"},
}

labels["sebastids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the family [[Sebastidae]]",
	parents = {"scorpaeniform fish"},
}

labels["serranids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[sea bass]], [[grouper]]s, [[rockcod]]s, [[comber]]s and other fish in the family [[Serranidae]]",
	parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["sharks"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["sheep"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"caprines", "livestock"},
}

labels["shorebirds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"birds"},
}

labels["shrikes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"perching birds", "corvoid birds"},
}

labels["sighthounds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"hunting dogs"},
}

labels["skippers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=insects in the family [[Hesperiidae]]",
	parents = {"butterflies"},
}

labels["smelts"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the [[order]] [[Osmeriformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["snails"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"gastropods"},
}

labels["snakes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["snappers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the [[family]] [[Lutjanidae]]",
	parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["soft corals"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[calcaxonian]]s, [[dead man's fingers]], [[fan coral]]s, [[gorgonian]]s, [[holaxonian]]s, [[scleraxonian]]s, [[sea feather]]s, [[sea willow]]s, [[stoloniferan]]s, [[whip coral]]s, and other marine animals in the [[cnidarian]] order [[Alcyonacea]]",
	parents = {"cnidarians"},
}

labels["soricomorphs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[shrew]]s, [[mole]]s, [[solenodon]]s, and other [[mammal]]s in the [[order]] [[Soricomorpha]]",
	parents = {"mammals"},
}

labels["South American canids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fox-like [[canid]]s in the [[subtribe]] [[Cerdocyonina]], which are more closely related to the [[dog]]s and [[wolf|wolves]] than to the true [[fox]]es. Also known as [[zorro]]s",
	parents = {"canids"},
}

labels["spaniels"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"gun dogs"},
}

labels["sparids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[sea breams]], [[porgie]]s, [[scup]]s and other fish in the family [[Sparidae]]",
	parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["sphinx moths"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[hawkmoth]]s, [[hornworm]]s, [[hummingbird moth]]s, [[sphinx moth]]s,[[tomato worm]]s, and other [[moth]]s (and [[caterpillar]]s) in the [[family]] [[Sphingidae]]",
	parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["spiders"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"arachnids"},
}

labels["sponges"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[aquatic]] [[animal]]s in the [[phylum]] [[Porifera]]",
	parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["squid"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"cephalopods"},
}

labels["squirrels"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[squirrel]]s, [[chipmunk]]s, [[marmot]]s, [[prairie dog]]s, [[woodchuck]]s and other [[rodent]]s in the family [[Sciuridae]]",
	parents = {"rodents"},
}

labels["staphylinoid beetles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[beetle]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Staphylinoidea]]",
	parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["starlings"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[starling]]s, [[mynah]]s, and other birds in the [[passerine]] family [[Sturnidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["stick insects"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[insect]]s (including the [[leaf insect]]s) in the [[order]] known as either [[Phasmida]] or [[Phasmatodea]], which are noted for their extreme adaptations in form and color to look like parts of the plants they feed on",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["stoneflies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[freshwater]] [[aquatic]] [[insect]]s in the [[order]] [[Plecoptera]]",
	parents = {"insects"},
}

labels["stony corals"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=marine animals in the [[cnidarian]] order [[Scleractinia]]",
	parents = {"cnidarians"},
}

labels["storks"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"freshwater birds"},
}

labels["stromateoid fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[barrelfish]], [[blue eye cod]], [[dollarfish]], [[driftfish]], [[lafayette]], [[medusafish]], [[rudderfish]], [[squaretail]], [[warehou]], and other fish in the [[perciform]] [[suborder]] [[Stromateoidei]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["sturgeons"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the family [[Acipenseridae]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["suboscines"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[antpitta]]s, [[antshrike]]s, [[antthrush]]es, [[asity|asities]], [[broadbill]]s, [[cotinga]]s, [[crescentchest]]s, [[gnateater]]s, [[manakin]]s, [[ovenbird]]s, [[pitta]]s, [[sharpbill]]s, [[spadebill]]s, [[tapaculo]]s, [[tityra]]s, [[tyrant flycatcher]]s, [[woodcreeper]]s, and other birds in the [[passerine]] [[suborder]] [[Tyranni]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["suckers (fish)"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[buffalo fish]], [[cuiui]], [[jumprock]]s, [[quillback]], [[redhorse]], [[sucker]]s, and other freshwater fish in the family [[Catostomidae]]",
	parents = {"fish", "otocephalan fish"},
}

labels["suliform birds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[anhinga]]s, [[booby|boobies]], [[cormorant]]s, [[frigatebird]]s, [[gannet]]s, and other  [[seabirds]] in the [[order]] [[Suliformes]]",
	parents = {"seabirds"},
}

labels["sunfish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=freshwater fish in the family [[Centrarchidae]]",
	parents = {"percoid fish"},
}

labels["swallows"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["swallowtails"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[apollo]]s, [[batwing]]s, [[birdwing]]s, [[clubtail]]s, [[festoon]]s, [[flying handkerchief]]s, [[Helen]]s, [[jay]]s, [[mime]]s, [[parnassian]]s, [[rose]]s, [[swallowtail]]s, [[swordtail]]s, [[triangle]]s, [[turnus]]es, [[windmill]]s, [[zebra]]s, and other [[butterfly|butterflies]] in the [[family]] [[Papilionidae]], notable for (mostly) having tail-like extensions on their [[hindwing]]s",
	parents = {"butterflies"},
}

labels["swans"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"anatids"},
}

labels["syngnathiform fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bellowsfish]], [[cornetfish]], [[pipefish]], [[razorfish]], [[sea dragon]]s, [[sea horse]]s, [[snipefish]], [[trumpetfish]], and other fish in the [[order]] [[Syngnathiformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["tanagers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bananaquit]]s, [[conebill]]s, [[dacnis]]es, [[Darwin's finch]]es, [[grassquit]]s, [[ground finch]]es, [[honeycreeper]]s, [[pardusco]]s, [[tanager]]s, and other [[passerine]] birds in the family [[Thraupidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["temnospondyls"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[extinct]] early [[amphibian]]s in the [[order]] [[Temnospondyli]]",
	parents = {"amphibians"},
}

labels["tenebrionoid beetles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[aderid]]s, [[anthicid]]s, [[blister beetle]]s, [[borid]]s, [[ciid]]s, [[flour beetle]]s, [[darkling beetle]]s, [[mealworm]]s, [[melandryid]]s, [[mordellid]]s, [[mycetophagid]]s, [[oedemerid]]s, [[pinacate beetle]]s, [[pyrochroid]]s, [[pythid]]s, [[ripiphorid]]s, [[salpingid]]s, [[toktokkie]]s, [[ulodid]]s, [[wharf borer]]s, [[zopherid]]s and other [[beetle]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Tenebrionoidea]]",
	parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["tephritoid flies"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cheese fly|cheese flies]], [[tephritid]] [[fruit fly|fruit flies]], [[picture-winged fly|picture-winged flies]] and other [[fly|flies]] in the [[dipteran]] [[superfamily]] [[Tephritoidea]]",
	parents = {"dipterans"},
}

labels["termites"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[termite]]s, [[insect]]s in the former [[order]] [[Isoptera]], which is now considered a [[suborder]] or other group within the [[cockroach]]es in the order [[Blattodea]]",
	parents = {"insects", "cockroaches"},
}

labels["terns"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[tern]]s, [[seabirds]] in the [[family]] [[Sternidae]]",
	parents = {"seabirds"},
}

labels["tetraodontiforms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[pufferfish]], [[triggerfish]], [[boxfish]], [[ocean sunfish]] and other fish in the order [[Tetraodontiformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["terriers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"hunting dogs"},
}

labels["theropods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[dinosaur]]s in the [[clade]] [[Theropoda]]",
	parents = {"dinosaurs"},
}

labels["thrushes"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["ticks"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bloodsucking]] [[arachnids]] in the [[order]] [[Ixodida]] (also known as [[Metastigmata]])",
	parents = {"mites and ticks"},
}

labels["tinamous"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"ratites"},
}

labels["tits"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[tit]]s, birds known as [[chickadee]]s in the US",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["toads"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"anurans"},
}

labels["toothcarps"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[four-eyed fish]], [[guppy|guppies]], [[killifish]], [[molly|mollies]], [[mummichog]]s, [[platy|platies]], [[swordtail]]s, [[topminnow]]s and other fish in the [[order]] [[Cyprinodontiformes]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["tortoises"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[terrestrial]] [[turtle]]s in the [[family]] [[Testudinidae]]",
	parents = {"turtles"},
}

labels["tortricid moths"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[moth]]s (and [[caterpillar]]s) in the [[family]] [[Tortricidae]]",
	parents = {"moths"},
}

labels["trachinoid fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[black swallower]]s, [[blue cod]], [[duckbill]]s, [[gaper]]s, [[sand eel]]s, [[torrentfish]], [[weeverfish]] and other fish in the [[perciform]] [[suborder]] [[Trachinoidei]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["toy dogs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"dogs"},
}

labels["trilobites"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"arthropods"},
}

labels["true bugs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[insect]]s in the [[hemipteran]] suborder [[Heteroptera]]",
	parents = {"hemipterans"},
}

labels["true finches"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[finch]]es in the [[passerine]] family [[Fringillidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["true jellyfish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[cnidarian]]s in the [[class]] [[Scyphozoa]]",
	parents = {"cnidarians"},
}

labels["true sparrows"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[passerine]] birds in the family [[Passeridae]] (for other birds called sparrows, see the [[emberizid]]s)",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["tubenose birds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[albatross]]es, [[fulmar]]s, [[petrel]]s, [[prion]]s, [[shearwater]]s, and other [[seabird]]s in the [[order]] [[Procellariiformes]]",
	parents = {"seabirds"},
}

labels["tunicates"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["turtles"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"reptiles"},
}

labels["tyrant flycatchers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[passerine]] birds in the family [[Tyrannidae]]",
	parents = {"suboscines"},
}

labels["ursids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[ursid]]s ([[bear]]s)",
	parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["Venerida order mollusks"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[basket clam]]s, [[bean clam]]s,  [[boring clam]]s, [[cockle]]s, [[duck clam]]s, [[giant clam]]s, [[hard clam]]s, [[lentil shell]]s, [[pipi]]s, [[pooquaw]]s, [[quahog]]s, [[surf clam]]s, [[trough-shell]]s, [[ugari]]s, [[Venus clam]]s,  [[zebra mussel]]s, and other [[bivalve]]s in the [[order]] [[Venerida]]",
	parents = {"bivalves"},
}

labels["vertebrates"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"chordates"},
	wpcat = true,
	commonscat = "Vertebrata",
}

labels["vespids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[hornet]]s, [[paper wasp]]s, [[pollen wasp]]s, [[potter wasp]]s, [[yellow jacket]]s, and other [[wasp]]s in the [[family]] [[Vespidae]]",
	parents = {"hymenopterans"},
}

labels["vetigastropods"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[abalone]]s or [[ear shell]]s, [[duck's-bill limpet]]s, [[keyhole limpet]]s,  [[rosary shell]]s, [[slit-shell]]s, [[topshell]]s, [[turban shell]]s, and other [[gastropod]]s in the [[clade]] [[Vetigastropoda]] (treated in some classifications as an [[order]], in others as [[subclass]])",
	parents = {"gastropods"},
}

labels["vipers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[adder]]s, [[asp]]s, [[rattlesnake]]s, [[viper]]s, [[water moccasin]]s and other [[venomous]] snakes in the  [[Viperidae]]",
	parents = {"snakes"},
}

labels["viverrids"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[viverrid]]s ([[civet]]s, [[genet]]s and relatives)",
	parents = {"carnivores"},
}

labels["vombatiforms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[diprotodontid]]s, [[diprotodon]]s, [[phascolarctid]]s, [[koala]]s, [[vombatid]]s, [[wombat]]s, [[phascolome]]s, [[ilariid]]s, [[maradid]]s, [[palorchestid]]s, [[thylacoleonid]]s, [[marsupial lion]]s , [[wynyardiid]]s and other [[marsupial]]s in the [[diprotodont]] [[suborder]] [[Vombatiformes]]",
	parents = {"marsupials"},
}

labels["vultures"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[vulture]]s (both Old World and New World)",
	parents = {"birds of prey"},
}

labels["warblers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[warbler]]s, various small [[passerine]] songbirds, especially of the families Sylviidae (Old World warblers) and Parulidae (New World warblers)",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["warren hounds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"hunting dogs"},
}

labels["water dogs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"retrievers"},
}

labels["weaver finches"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[finch]]es in the family [[Estrildidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["weaverbirds"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[baya]]s, [[bishop]]s, [[fody|fodies]], [[malimbe]]s, [[quelea]]s, [[sakabula]]s, [[taha]]s, [[weaver]]s, and other birds in the [[family]] [[Ploceidae]]",
	parents = {"perching birds"},
}

labels["weevils"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[bill-beetle]]s, [[curculio]]s, [[grugru worm]]s, [[snout beetle]]s, and other [[beetle]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Curculionoidea]]",
	parents = {"beetles"},
}

labels["whales"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"cetaceans"},
}

labels["wolves"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[wolves]]",
	parents = {"canids"},
}

labels["woodpeckers"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[flicker]]s, [[sapsucker]]s, [[wryneck]]s, and other birds in the [[family]] [[Picidae]]",
	parents = {"piciforms"},
}

labels["working dogs"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"dogs"},
}

labels["worms"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"animals"},
}

labels["wrasses"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=fish in the family [[Labridae]]",
	parents = {"labroid fish"},
}

labels["wrens"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "default",
	parents = {"certhioid birds"},
}

labels["zoarcoid fish"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[butterfish]], [[eelpout]]s, [[guffer]]s, [[gunnel]]s, [[lumper]]s, [[prickleback]]s, [[prowfish]], [[wolf eel]]s and other fish in the [[perciform]] [[suborder]] [[Zoarcoidei]]",
	parents = {"fish"},
}

labels["zygaenoid moths"] = {
	type = "set",
	description = "=[[burnet moth]]s, [[forester]]s, [[hag moth]]s, [[limacodid]]s, [[megalopygid]]s, [[monkey slug]]s, [[puss moth]]s, [[saddleback caterpillar]]s, [[zygaenid]]s, and other [[moth]]s in the [[superfamily]] [[Zygaenoidea]]",
	parents = {"moths"},
}

return labels