local export = {}
local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local gsplit = mw.text.gsplit
local lower = mw.ustring.lower
local match = mw.ustring.match
local str = require("Module:string")
local trim = mw.text.trim
--[[
Sourced from A grammatical overview of Santa Mongolian by Kenneth Lynn Field (1997),
东乡语汉语词典 (Dongxiang-Chinese Dictionary) by Ma Guozhong (马国忠) (2001)
]]--
-- List of valid phonemes
local phons = {
-- list of valid consonant phonemes
["cons_m"] = {
["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["f"] = "f",
["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["r"] = "r",
["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["gh"] = "q", ["kh"] = "qʰ",
["h"] = "x", ["gv"] = "ʁ", ["hh"] = "h",
["j"] = "t͡ɕ", ["q"] = "t͡ɕʰ", ["x"] = "ɕ",
["zh"] = "t͡ʂ", ["ch"] = "t͡ʂʰ", ["sh"] = "ʂ",
["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "s",
["w"] = "w", ["y"] = "j"
},
-- list of valid vowel phomemes
["vowel_m"] = {
["iao"] = "jɑw", ["uai"] = "wɑj",
["ai"] = "ɑj", ["ei"] = "əj", ["ao"] = "ɑw", ["ou"] = "əw", ["ii"] = "ɯ",
["ia"] = "jɑ", ["ie"] = "jə", ["iu"] = "ju", ["ui"] = "wəj", ["ua"] = "wɑ",
["a"] = "ɑ", ["o"] = "o", ["e"] = "ə", ["i"] = "i", ["u"] = "u"
},
-- list of phonetic diphthong representations
["diph_t"] = {
["iao"] = { "i̯ɑu̯", "iou̯" }, ["uai"] = { "u̯ɑi̯", "u̯ɛi̯" },
["ai"] = { "ɑi̯", "ɛi̯" }, ["ei"] = "ə̝i̯", ["ao"] = { "ɑu̯", "ou̯" }, ["ou"] = { "əu̯", "ɤu̯" },
["ia"] = "i̯ɑ", ["ie"] = "i̯ɛ", ["iu"] = "i̯u", ["ui"] = "u̯(ə̝)i̯", ["ua"] = "u̯ɑ"
}
}
-- List of valid graphemes
local graphs = {
cons_g = "[bpmfdtnŋlrgkhjqxzcswy]?[hv]?", -- list of valid consonant graphemes
vowel_g = "[aeiou]+" -- list of valid vowel graphemes
}
-- Returns the number of syllables in a given string
local function count_syll(text)
return str.count(text, "ɚ") + str.count(text, "[aeiou]+")
end
-- Handles ambiguous syllable-final n
local function n_final(text)
local n = match(text, "n[^aeiou]+")
if n and str.count(text, n) > 1 then
error("ŋ is ambiguous. Please provide the full respelling.")
elseif text == "ŋ" then
text = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
text = gsub(text, "n", "ŋ")
end
return text
end
-- Returns a string with two unique substitutions given a table with two items
local function sub_multiple(text, string, subs)
local foo, foo_sub = gsub(text, string, subs[1])
local bar, bar_sub = gsub(text, string, subs[2])
if foo_sub == 0 and bar_sub == 0 then
return text
else
return foo .. " ~ " .. bar
end
end
-- Adjusts the text including respelling the term
local function adjust(text, etyl)
text = lower(text) -- make text lowercase
text = " " .. text .. " " -- make all word borders have a space
text = gsub(text, "'", "ˈ") -- convert apostrophe to a stress mark
text = gsub(text, "gvi", "gvii") -- i after gv is pronounced as ii
text = gsub(text, "([gkaeiou ]hi)", "%1i") -- same after gh, kh and h
text = gsub(text, "er([^aeiou])", "ɚ%1") -- "er" is a unique syllable in its own right
if etyl == "zh" or etyl == "ar" then text = gsub(text, "r", "ʐ") end -- r is pronounced as ʐ in words of Chinese and Arabic origin
return text
end
-- Convert the text to a phonemic IPA transcription
function export.IPA_m(text, etyl)
text = n_final(text) -- handle syllable-final n
text = adjust(text, etyl) -- adjust the text by respelling
text = gsub(text, "[^ ]* ", function(word)
if not match(word, "ˈ") and count_syll(word) > 1 then -- add stress mark to the final syllable if no stress mark is present
word = match(word, "ɚ ") and gsub(word, "(" .. graphs.cons_g .. "ɚ) ", "ˈ%1 ") or gsub(word, "(" .. graphs.cons_g .. graphs.vowel_g .. "[^aeiou]*) ", "ˈ%1 ")
end
return gsub(word, graphs.cons_g, phons.cons_m):gsub(graphs.vowel_g, phons.vowel_m)
end)
return trim(text)
end
-- Convert the text to a phonetic IPA transcription from the phonemic transcription
function export.IPA_t(text, etyl)
text = n_final(text) -- handle syllable-final n
text = adjust(text, etyl) -- adjust the text by respelling
-- a
text = gsub(text, "ɑn", "æn") -- /ɑ/ before /n/ is [æ]
text = gsub(text, "a", "ɑ")
-- diphthongs
for k, v in pairs(phons.diph_t) do
if type(v) == "table" then
text = sub_multiple(text, k, v)
else
text = gsub(text, k, v)
end
end
-- e
text = gsub(text, "eŋ", "ɤŋ") -- stressed /ə/ before /ŋ/ is [ɤ]
text = gsub(text, "ˈ(" .. graphs.cons_g .. ")e", "ˈ%1ɛ") -- otherwise stressed /ə/ is [ɛ]
text = gsub(text, "e", "ə")
-- i
text = gsub(text, "([csz]h)i", "%1ɨ") -- /i/ is [ɨ] after retroflex consonants
text = gsub(text, "([csz])i", "%1ɪ") -- /i/ is [ɪ] after alveolar affricates and fricatives
-- o
text = gsub(text, "o(" .. graphs.cons_g .. ")", "⁽ʷ⁾o%1") -- /o/ can be labialised as [⁽ʷ⁾o]
-- devoiced vowels
-- vowels before /n, ŋ/ are nasalised
text = gsub(text, "(.̯?)([nŋ])", "%1̃%2")
return trim(text)
end
function export.show(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args -- get the arguments
local etyl = args.etyl -- get the etymology
local text = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text -- get current page title
local results = {} -- store the results
if args[1] then
for _, param in ipairs(args) do
if param ~= "" then
table.insert(results, {pron = "/" .. export.IPA_m(param, etyl) .. "/"})
end
end
else
table.insert(results, {pron = "/" .. export.IPA_m(text, etyl) .. "/"})
end
return "*" .. require("Module:IPA").format_IPA_full { lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("sce"), items = results }
end
return export
