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Module:Cyrs-translit

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The following documentation is located at Module:Cyrs-translit/documentation. [edit] Categories were auto-generated by Module:module categorization. [edit]
Useful links: subpage list • links • transclusions • testcases • sandbox

This module will transliterate text in the Old Cyrillic script. It is used to transliterate Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic, Bulgar, Old Novgorodian, and Church Slavonic. The module should preferably not be called directly from templates or other modules. To use it from a template, use {{xlit}}. Within a module, use Module:languages#Language:transliterate.

For testcases, see Module:Cyrs-translit/testcases.

Functions

tr(text, lang, sc)
Transliterates a given piece of text written in the script specified by the code sc, and language specified by the code lang.
When the transliteration fails, returns nil.

local export = {}

local numbers = mw.loadData("Module:Cyrs-translit/numbers")

local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC
local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD
local U = mw.ustring.char
local umatch = mw.ustring.match
local usub = mw.ustring.sub
local ulower = mw.ustring.lower

local acute = U(0x301)
local grave = U(0x300)
local circumflex = U(0x302)
local palatalization = U(0x0484)
local titlo = U(0x0483)
local dasia = U(0x0485)
local psili = U(0x0486)
local vzmet = U(0xA66F)

local breathing = psili .. dasia
local accent = "[" .. acute .. grave .. circumflex .. breathing .. "]*"
local vowels = "aAeEiIoOuUyY"
local vowel_or_soft = "[" .. vowels .. "ʹ]"

local common_letters = {
	["А"] = 'A', ["а"] = 'a',
	["Б"] = 'B', ["б"] = 'b',
	["В"] = 'V', ["в"] = 'v',
	["Г"] = 'G', ["г"] = 'g',
	["Д"] = 'D', ["д"] = 'd',
	["Е"] = 'E', ["е"] = 'e',
	["Ж"] = 'Ž', ["ж"] = 'ž',
	["Ѕ"] = 'Dz', ["ѕ"] = 'dz',
	["З"] = 'Z', ["з"] = 'z',
	["И"] = 'I', ["и"] = 'i',
	["І"] = 'I', ["і"] = 'i', -- Contrastive with "И".
	["Й"] = 'J', ["й"] = 'j',
	["Ꙉ"] = 'Đ', ["ꙉ"] = 'đ',
	["К"] = 'K', ["к"] = 'k',
	["Л"] = 'L', ["л"] = 'l',
	["М"] = 'M', ["м"] = 'm',
	["Н"] = 'N', ["н"] = 'n',
	["О"] = 'O', ["о"] = 'o',
	["П"] = 'P', ["п"] = 'p',
	["Р"] = 'R', ["р"] = 'r',
	["С"] = 'S', ["с"] = 's',
	["Т"] = 'T', ["т"] = 't',
	["Ꙋ"] = 'U', ["ꙋ"] = 'u',
	["У"] = 'U', ["у"] = 'u',
	["Ф"] = 'F', ["ф"] = 'f',
	["Х"] = 'X', ["х"] = 'x',
	["Ѡ"] = 'O', ["ѡ"] = 'o', -- Contrastive with "О".
	["Ѿ"] = 'Ot', ["ѿ"] = 'ot', -- Becomes "otŭ" as appropriate.
	["Ѽ"] = 'Ô', ["ѽ"] = 'ô',
	["Ц"] = 'C', ["ц"] = 'c',
	["Ꙡ"] = 'Ć', ["ꙡ"] = 'ć', -- From a merger of "Ц" and "Ч" in Old Novgorodian.
	["Ч"] = 'Č', ["ч"] = 'č',
	["Ш"] = 'Š', ["ш"] = 'š',
	["Щ"] = 'Št', ["щ"] = 'št',
	["Ъ"] = 'Ŭ', ["ъ"] = 'ŭ',
	["Ꙑ"] = 'Y', ["ꙑ"] = 'y',
	["Ь"] = 'Ĭ', ["ь"] = 'ĭ',
	["Ѣ"] = 'Ě', ["ѣ"] = 'ě',
	["Ꙓ"] = 'Jě', ["ꙓ"] = 'jě',
	["Ꙗ"] = 'Ja', ["ꙗ"] = 'ja',
	["Ѥ"] = 'Je', ["ѥ"] = 'je',
	["Ю"] = 'Ju', ["ю"] = 'ju',
	["Ѫ"] = 'Ǫ', ["ѫ"] = 'ǫ',
	["Ѭ"] = 'Jǫ', ["ѭ"] = 'jǫ',
	["Ѧ"] = 'Ę', ["ѧ"] = 'ę',
	["Ѩ"] = 'Ję', ["ѩ"] = 'ję',
	["Ѯ"] = 'Ks', ["ѯ"] = 'ks',
	["Ѱ"] = 'Ps', ["ѱ"] = 'ps',
	["Ѳ"] = 'Θ', ["ѳ"] = 'θ',
	["Ѵ"] = 'Ü', ["ѵ"] = 'ü',
	["Ѷ"] = 'Ü', ["ѷ"] = 'ü', -- Contrastive with "Ѵ".
	["Ҁ"] = 'Q', ["ҁ"] = 'q',
}

local variants = {
	["ᲀ"] = 'в',
	["Ґ"] = 'Г', ["ґ"] = 'г',
	["ᲁ"] = 'д',
	["Ꙣ"] = 'Д' .. palatalization, ["ꙣ"] = 'д' .. palatalization,
	["Є"] = 'Е', ["є"] = 'е',
	["Э"] = 'Е', ["э"] = 'е',
	["Ꙃ"] = 'Ѕ', ["ꙃ"] = 'ѕ',
	["Ꙅ"] = 'Ѕ', ["ꙅ"] = 'ѕ',
	["Ꙁ"] = 'З', ["ꙁ"] = 'з',
	["Ӥ"] = 'И', ["ӥ"] = 'и',
	["Ї"] = 'І', ["ї"] = 'і',
	["Ꙇ"] = 'І', ["ꙇ"] = 'і',
	["Ꙥ"] = 'Л' .. palatalization, ["ꙥ"] = 'л' .. palatalization,
	["Ꙧ"] = 'М' .. palatalization, ["ꙧ"] = 'м' .. palatalization,
	["Ҥ"] = 'Н' .. palatalization, ["ҥ"] = 'н' .. palatalization,
	["Ѻ"] = 'О', ["ѻ"] = 'о',
	["Ꙩ"] = 'О', ["ꙩ"] = 'о',
	["Ꙫ"] = 'О', ["ꙫ"] = 'о',
	["Ꚛ"] = 'О', ["ꚛ"] = 'о',
	["Ꚙ"] = 'О', ["ꚙ"] = 'о',
	["Ꙭ"] = 'О', ["ꙭ"] = 'о',
	["ꙮ"] = 'о',
	["ᲂ"] = 'о',
	["ᲃ"] = 'с',
	["ᲄ"] = 'т',
	["ᲅ"] = 'т',
	["Ѹ"] = 'Ꙋ', ["ѹ"] = 'ꙋ', ["ᲈ"] = 'ꙋ',
	["Ꙍ"] = 'Ѡ', ["ꙍ"] = 'ѡ',
	["Ы"] = 'Ꙑ', ["ы"] = 'ꙑ',
	["ᲆ"] = 'ъ',
	["ᲇ"] = 'ѣ',
	["Я"] = 'Ꙗ', ["я"] = 'ꙗ',
	["Ꙕ"] = 'Ю', ["ꙕ"] = 'ю',
	["Ꙛ"] = 'Ѫ', ["ꙛ"] = 'ѫ',
	["Ꙙ"] = 'Ѧ', ["ꙙ"] = 'ѧ',
	["Ꙝ"] = 'Ѩ', ["ꙝ"] = 'ѩ',
}

-- Letters converted to their iotated equivalents when word-initial.
local common_iotated_initial = {
	["Ѣ"] = 'Ꙓ', ["ѣ"] = 'ꙓ',
}

-- Letters converted to their iotated equivalents after vowels or a
-- palatalization mark.
local common_iotated_after_vowel_or_soft = {
	["Е"] = 'Ѥ', ["е"] = 'ѥ',
	["Ѣ"] = 'Ꙓ', ["ѣ"] = 'ꙓ',
	["Ѧ"] = 'Ѩ', ["ѧ"] = 'ѩ',
}

local lang_letters = {}
local lang_iotated_initial = {}
local lang_iotated_after_vowel_or_soft = {}
local uo_is_u = {}

-- Old East Slavic
	lang_letters["orv"] = setmetatable({
		["Щ"] = 'Šč', ["щ"] = 'šč',
	}, {__index = common_letters})
	
	lang_iotated_initial["orv"] = setmetatable({
		["Е"] = 'Ѥ', ["е"] = 'ѥ',
		["Ѧ"] = 'Ѩ', ["ѧ"] = 'ѩ',
	}, {__index = common_iotated_initial})

-- Old Novgorodian
	lang_letters["zle-ono"] = setmetatable({
		["Ц"] = 'Ć', ["ц"] = 'ć',
		["Ч"] = 'Ć', ["ч"] = 'ć',
		["Щ"] = 'Ść', ["щ"] = 'ść',
	}, {__index = common_letters})
	
	lang_iotated_initial["zle-ono"] = lang_iotated_initial["orv"]
	uo_is_u["zle-ono"] = true

-- Old Pskovian
	lang_letters["zle-ops"] = setmetatable({ -- In addition to zle-ono above.
		["Ж"] = 'Ź', ["ж"] = 'ź',
		["Ѕ"] = 'Dź', ["ѕ"] = 'dź',
		["З"] = 'Ź', ["з"] = 'ź',
		["С"] = 'Ś', ["с"] = 'ś',
		["Ш"] = 'Ś', ["ш"] = 'ś',
		["Щ"] = 'Šk', ["щ"] = 'šk',
	}, {__index = lang_letters["zle-ono"]})
	
	lang_iotated_initial["zle-ops"] = setmetatable({ -- In addition to zle-ono above.
		["Ѫ"] = 'Ѭ', ["ѫ"] = 'ѭ',
	}, {__index = lang_iotated_initial["zle-ono"]})
	
	lang_iotated_after_vowel_or_soft["zle-ops"] = setmetatable({
		["Ѫ"] = 'Ѭ', ["ѫ"] = 'ѭ',
	}, {__index = common_iotated_after_vowel_or_soft})
	
	uo_is_u["zle-ops"] = true

local function handle_v(prev, v)
	return prev .. (v == "Ѵ" and "В" or "в")
end

local function handle_ou(o, ac)
	return (ulower(o) == o and "у" or "У") .. ac
end

local function handle_breathing(vowel, br)
	-- Don't mark smooth breathing.
	if br == psili then
		return vowel
	end
	-- Mark rough breathing with "h".
	local vowel_lower = ulower(vowel)
	return (vowel_lower == vowel and "h" or "H") .. vowel_lower
end

function export.tr(text, lang, sc)
	if not sc then
		sc = require("Module:languages").getByCode(lang, nil, true):findBestScript(text):getCode()
	end
	if sc ~= "Cyrs" then
		return nil
	end
	
	local input = text
	
	-- Decompose any acute and grave accents.
	text = ugsub(toNFD(text), "[^" .. acute .. grave .. "]+", toNFC)
	
	-- Canonicalize any variants.
	text = text:gsub(".[\128-\191]*", variants)

	-- Transliterate the palatalization mark as prime.
	text = text:gsub(palatalization, "ʹ")
	
	-- Treat "Ѵ" as the consonant "В" (transliterated "V") in diphthongs that
	-- correspond to Ancient Greek "αυ", "ευ" and "ηυ" (equivalent to "аѵ", "еѵ"
	-- and "иѵ").  Note that "ιυ" ("іѵ") is not a diphthong, and "ου" ("оѵ") is
	-- a long vowel. However, this doesn't apply to "Ѷ", as the diacritic means
	-- it must be treated as a vowel.
	text = ugsub(text, "([аАеЕиИꙗꙖѥѤ]" .. accent .. ")([ѵѴ])", handle_v)
	
	local letters = lang_letters[lang] or common_letters
	
	-- Convert "ѿ" to "ѡт" if followed by a non-iotated vowel (including those
	-- which iotate only after vowels) or a palatalization mark, and "ѡтъ" in
	-- all other cases.
	text = ugsub(text, "([ѿѾ])(" .. accent .. ")()", function(ot, ac, loc)
		ot = (ot == "Ѿ" and "Ѡ" or "ѡ") .. ac .. "т"
		local nxt = toNFD(usub(text, loc, loc):gsub(".[\128-\191]*", letters))
		if not umatch(nxt, "^" .. vowel_or_soft) then
			ot = ot .. "ъ"
		end
		return ot
	end)
	
	-- Handle any vowels which are iotated at the start of words.
	local iotated_initial = lang_iotated_initial[lang] or common_iotated_initial
	-- Not possible to input iotated_initial directly, as mw.ustring.gsub
	-- doesn't respect metamethods...
	text = ugsub(text, "%f[%w].", function(m)
		return iotated_initial[m]
	end)
	
	-- Handle any vowels which are iotated after another vowel or a
	-- palatalization mark.
	local iotated_after_vowel_or_soft = lang_iotated_after_vowel_or_soft[lang] or common_iotated_after_vowel_or_soft
	text = ugsub(text, "()(" .. accent .. ")(.)", function(loc, ac, letter)
		local iotated = iotated_after_vowel_or_soft[letter]
		if iotated then
			loc = loc - 1
			local prev = toNFD((loc == 0 and "" or usub(text, loc, loc)):gsub(".[\128-\191]*", letters))
			if umatch(prev, vowel_or_soft .. "%W*$") then
				return ac .. iotated
			end
		end
	end)
	
	-- Treat "ъі" as "ꙑ", and make "ъ" tense ("ŷ") before "и" or an iotated
	-- vowel.
	text = ugsub(text, "([Ъъ])(" .. accent .. ")()([иИіІ]?)", function(yer, ac, loc, i)
		local nxt = toNFD(usub(text, loc, loc):gsub(".[\128-\191]*", letters)):match("^[iIjJ]")
		if nxt ~= nil then
			return (yer == "Ъ" and "Ꙑ" or "ꙑ") .. ((i == "і" or i == "І") and ac or circumflex .. ac .. i)
		end
	end)
	
	-- In some languages, treat "уо" ("uo") as "у" ("u").
	if uo_is_u[lang] then
		text = ugsub(text, "([уУѵѴѷѶ]" .. accent .. ")[оО]", "%1")
	end
	
	-- Treat "оу" ("ou") as "у" ("u").
	text = ugsub(text, "([оО])(" .. accent .. ")[уУѵѴѷѶ]", handle_ou)
	
	-- Substitute any numbers.
	for key, repl in pairs(numbers) do
		text = ugsub(text, key, repl)
	end

	-- Main substitution.
	text = text:gsub(".[\128-\191]*", letters)
	
	-- Handle any breathing marks.
	text = ugsub(toNFD(text), "([" .. vowels .. "][" .. vowels .. "%W]-)([" .. breathing .. "])", handle_breathing)
	
	if umatch(text, "[" .. breathing .. "]") then
		error("Invalid breathing marks in input " .. mw.dumpObject(input))
	end
	
	-- Transliterate the titlo and vzmet as colon.
	text = ugsub(text, "[" .. titlo .. vzmet .. "]", ":")

	return toNFC(text)
end

return export
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