Hinghwa

English

Alternative forms

• Henghua, Henghwa, Hinghua, Hing Hua, Heng Hua, Hinhwa

Etymology

From the Postal Romanization of either or both Puxian Min 興化 / 兴化 (Hing-hua̍) or Hokkien 興化 / 兴化 (Heng-hòa). Doublet of Xinghua.

Proper noun

Hinghwa

1. (historical) A prefecture in eastern Fujian province of imperial China, corresponding to the modern-day prefecture-level city of Putian.
   • 1837 May, “Coast of China: the division of it into four portions ; brief description of the principal places on the southeastern, eastern, and northeastern portions.”, in The Chinese Repository‎^[2], volume VI, number 1, Canton, →OCLC, pages 12–13:

     The Lamyet (or Nanjeih) islands are situated to the northeastward of Chinchew bay, the nearest distant about forty miles. The mainland, leaving its usual northeastern direction, runs out due east for above thirty miles, and the first of the Lamyet islands lies off the easternmost point of it. From hence there is an almost uninterrupted series of islands and islets, up to the mouth of the Yangtsze keäng. The Lamyet islands are opposite to the entrance of a deep bay, at the bottom of which is the city of Hinghwa foo, the capital of the most fertile portion of Fuhkeën. This bay, however, has not yet been visited by foreigners. The outermost of the Lamyet islands, named by Ross Ocksou, was found, when passed by the ships of Lord Amherst’s embassy, to be in lat .24° 59' 15" north, lon. 119° 34' 30" east. About thirty miles further to the northward, we pass between an island of peculiar form and the main. This island is named Haetan, the altar of the sea ; in shape it is semicircular, and of nearly equal breadth throughout. A few miles above this island we reach the mouth of the river Min.

   • [2004, Hugh R. Clark, “Reinventing the Genealogy: Innovation in Kinship Practice in the Tenth to Eleventh Centuries”, in Thomas H. C. Lee, editor, The New and the Multiple: Sung Senses of the Past‎^[3], Chinese University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 248:

     Until the early Sung, P'u-t'ien was part of Ch'üan-chou prefecture; in 983 a new prefecture, Hsing-hua Commandery (Hsing-hua chün), was established with P'u-t'ien as the prefectural capital.]

   • 2015, Winston Groom, “An Inspiration in a Grubby World”, in The Aviators: Eddie Rickenbacker, Jimmy Doolittle, Charles Lindbergh, and the Epic Age of Flight‎^[4], Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 255:

     Lindbergh of course volunteered to help and nearly lost the plane. He and two doctors landed at the city of Hinghwa with a bag of vital medicines, which the Chinese thought was food and swam out to one doctor’s sampan, swamped it, and then swam to the plane and began to clamber aboard, tipping the wings dangerously, until Lindbergh took out his revolver and fired into the air, driving them away.

   • 2017, Wu Xiaoxin, Christianity in China, →ISBN:

     Grace McClurg Carson taught at the Methodist mission in Hinghwa from 1910 to 1926.

2. Puxian Min (a linguistic grouping of Min Chinese primarily spoken in and around Putian, Fujian, China)
   • 1924, Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church for the Year 1923‎^[5], →OCLC, page 66:

     HANKONG DISTRICT
     Area: Includes the market towns of Gangkau and Hankong, and surrounding villages.
     Location: On the coast plain east of Hinghwa City. Two-third of the district is mountainous.
     Population: 350,000. Methodist responsibility, 250,000. Hinghwa is spoken.

   • 1938, Frank T. Cartwright, Tuan Hoover of Borneo‎^[6], Abingdon Press, →OCLC, page 105:

     Meantime the homekeeping wife-schoolteacher was learning the difference between the seven-toned Foochow dialect, the more nasal Hinghwa, and the still more intricate Hokkien.

   • 1944, Arthur J. Moore, Christ After Chaos‎^[7], New York: Board of Missions and Church Extension The Methodist Church, →OCLC, page 30:

     Hinghwa Conference is also in Fukien province, among persons using the Hinghwa dialect, centering largely in the cities of Hinghwa and Sienyu.

   • 1947, Richard Terrill Baker, Ten Thousand Years‎^[8], New York: Board of Missions and Church Extension The Methodist Church, →OCLC, page 69:

     Moving down the coast to the southeast, the Methodists, as early as 1864, penetrated the Hinghwa-speaking area of Fukien’s coastal plain.

   • 1948, Walter N. Lacy, A Hundred Years of China Methodism‎^[9], Abingdon-Cokesbury Press, →OCLC, page 186:

     In Foochow one of the presses and a font of Romanized type were transferred to Hinghwa, “for greater convenience in publishing literature in the Hinghwa dialect, as no one trained to read that proof could be found in Foochow,” and the day of special delivery and airmail had not yet arrived.

   • 1954, Leslie T. Lyall, A Biography of John Sung‎^[10], Armour Publishing Pte Ltd, published 2004, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 155:

     Dr. Sung at first spoke poor Mandarin and his enunciation even of his own Hinghwa dialect was not very clear.

   • 1957, Lands of Witness and Decision‎^[11], New York City: Board of Missions of The Methodist Church, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 53:

     The Methodist Church has established two clinics: one down the river at a Hinghwa-speaking settlement, Sungei Teku ; and the other at Nanga Mujong up the river in the Kapit District where most of the Iban Methodist Christians live.

   • 1971, Paul Sing-Hoh Hang, My Christian Testimony‎^[12], →OCLC, page 17:

     Since 1948, his wife, Mrs. Kao Tai Ching-Ying, was keenly interested in the Hinghwa-speaking M.Y.F. and was instrumental in forming the local M.Y.F. in 1950.

3. (historical) A previous county and present-day county-level city in Yancheng, Jiangsu

Synonyms

• Xinghua