2012, Monna Mette Maria Pesonen, "Introduction To The Terminology Of Fan Fiction", thesis submitted to the University of Eastern Finland, page 66:
An H/C, or hurt and comfort, a genre about one character being injured and being comforted and taken care of by another character, could be confused with whump, a genre that also involves a character being injured, but which focuses more on the injury and less on the healing process.
2013, Alexandra Herzog, "The Power of 'AH, E/B, Very OOC': Agency in Fanfiction Jargon", Current Objectives of Postgraduate American Studies, Volume 14, Number 1 (2013), pages 6-7:
When a sequence of fanspeak terminology like “A collection of Dean!hurts. Ch 11: A little bit of Dean!whump with a side of Frustrated!Sam” (Enkidu07) constitutes the whole summary of a story—i.e. the sole textual stimulus to potential readers—, it becomes immediately obvious how ingrained the use of jargon is within fandom and to which extent is has replaced standard language.
2014, Joseph Brennan, "'Fandom is full of pearl clutching old ladies': Nonnies in the online slash closet", International Journal of Cultural Studies, Volume 17, Number 4 (2014), page 365:
By embracing dark genres of slash such as ‘squick’ and ‘whump’, the art of mythagowood purposely skirts parameters of taste and acceptability.
2014, Joseph Brennan, "Not 'from my hot little ovaries': how slash manips pierce reductive assumptions", Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, Volume 28, Number 2 (2014), page 260:
To illustrate this critique of cultural assumptions of intent, I analyse work of mythagowood, who, by embracing dark genres of slash such as squick and whump, purposely skirts parameters of taste and acceptability.
2014, Alexandra Herzog, "'We, the Fans': Power in the Democratic Archive of Fanfiction", dissertation submitted to the University of Regensburg, page 153:
Aside from the potential case of whump, i.e. stories in which "physical or emotional pain is heaped on a favourite character, often repeatedly and brutally [...] for the sheer pleasure of seeing the whumpee battered and brused" (Moonbeam) […]
2017, Ashley J. Barner, The Case for Fanfiction: Exploring the Pleasures and Practices of a Maligned Craft, page 188:
The hurting of a character may also be referred to as "Whump."
2017, Elizabeth R. Edwards, "Brotherly Love: Remaking Homosociality and Masculinity in Fan Fiction", thesis submitted to York University/Ryserson University, page 67:
Bacon-Smith also noted that types of hurt-comfort typically fell into five categories: "get-'em" which has more emphasis on the pain and less on the comfort, which is now usually referred to as "whump," […]
2017, Valeria Franceschi, Exploring Plurilingualism in Fan Fiction: ELF Users as Creative Writers, page 81:
Whump indicates stories in which a character suffers physical and emotional abuse, […]
2017, Katie Wolters, "Why We Need Femslash", thesis submitted to the University of Leiden, page 19:
The term 'whumping' (or whump) is a specific form of H/C that amplifies the hurt aspect.
2018, Naja Later, "Quality Television (TV) Eats Itself: The TV-Auteur and the Promoted Fanboy", Quarterly Review of Film and Video, Volume 35, Number 6 (2018), page 540:
Narrative devices shared by Hannibal and fanfiction include “whump,” the vivid abuse and torture of a character, a popular convention across certain types of fanfiction: Graham is knocked out, shot, stabbed, gutted, sawed open, and subjected to induced seizures.
2019, Adrienne E. Raw, "Normalizing Disability: Tagging and Disability Identity Construction through Marvel Cinematic Universe Fanfiction", Canadian Journal of Disability Studies, Volume 8, Number 2, April 2019, pages 202-203:
However, further research with a larger sample and encompassing more fandoms would be necessary to confirm this potential explanation of this trend and to explore the impact of other factors, such as assigning characters a physical and/or mental disability or illness for the purpose of whump or hurt/comfort stories.
