“The sun goes down quickly in the north, you know, especially in the winter.” She pauses, remembering the twilight and the sunset in a small border town by Tuman River that separates northern Korea, Manchuria, and Siberia.
1980 [1937 March 29], Kim Il-sung, “Let Us Inspire the People with Hopes of National Liberation by Advancing with Large Forces into the Motherland”, in Kim Il Sung Works[3], volume 1, Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House, →OCLC, page 126:
In this large-scale operation of advance into the homeland we plan to dispatch the KPRA in three directions: The main unit will cross the Amnok River and push towards Hyesan, a strongpoint of frontier guards of the Japanese imperialists; another unit is to skirt Mt. Paektu and push on, by way of Antu and Helong, to the northern border area adjoining the Tuman River; and the third unit is to advance as far as the Linjiang and Changbai areas on the shore of the Amnok River.
[1984, Zbigniew Szyndlar, “A description of a small collection of amphibians and reptiles from the People’s Democratic Republic of Korea with notes on the distribution of the herpetofauna in that country”, in Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia[4], volume 27, number 1, →ISBNInvalid ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4:
Hyesan. The capital of the Ryanggang Province. Material was taken in a gorge, about 1000 m a.s.l., by the River Tuman-gang (China boundary) north-east of Hyesan (1 June).]
1997 July 8, “N.K. TO SET UP TAX-FREE BONDED AREAS IN NAMPO, WONSAN: SOURCE”, in Yonhap News Agency[5], archived from the original on 2023-07-20[6]:
The official, who attended a tourism workshop in Yanbian, China, of the Tuman River Area Development Program, quoted a North Korean official there as saying that a bonded area similar to the now-defunct free export zone in Masan, South Korea, would be set up in both Nampo on the western coast and Wonsan on the eastern coast.
Two-thirds of the region’s 150,000 people inhabit Rajin and Sonbong, many working in Rajin’s port, Sonbong’s oil processing refineries and the iron, magnesium and ceramics industries on the cities’ outskirts. As such, it’s been promoted less for tourists than for businessmen, but even then the zone’s development is taking time, and the Rajin and Sonbong zone, collectively known as Rason, encloses an area of forested hills and wetlands, lakes and the Tuman River delta with an abundance of wildlife.
2018 February 25, Hyung Jin Kim, Christy Lee, “North Korean Ice Hockey Player Who Defected Lauds Effort of Joint Women’s Team”, in Voice of America[8], archived from the original on 25 February 2018[9]:
In 1997, Hwangbo and her family boarded a small boat and crossed the Tuman River, North Korea’s northern border, into China before settling in South Korea.
