[1960 April 27 [1956 November], “Floods of the Yellow River”, in Floods, Precipitation, and Drought in the Yellow River Basin[1], United States Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Ti-li Hsueh-pao (Acta Geographica Sinica), Volume 22, Number 4, pages 325-337, translation of original by Yeh Yung-i (in Chinese), →OCLC, page 7:
Between Lanchow and Ch'ing-t'ung-hsia, the Yellow River flows through mountainous areas and the area of the drainage basin is increased by 61,000 square kilometers.]
Ch'ing-t'ung-hsia Hsien has been established and Ch'ing-t'ung-hsia Municipality has been abolished. The administrative area of Ch'ing-t'ung-hsia Municipality has been allocated to Ch'ing-t'ung-hsia Hsien. The foregoing changes were approved by the State Council on 29 June 1963.]
1993 August, Miao Wang, Shi Bao Xiu, “A Ten-Day Trip Across the Hexi Corridor”, in Tu Nai Hsien, editor, From the Pamirs to Beijing: Tracing Marco Polo's Northern Route[3], Hong Kong: HK China Tourism Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 80, columns 1, 2:
The only thing we could do was to get back into our car and to drive on towards Qingtongxia, about half- way to our destination of Yinchuan. We stayed overnight in Qingtongxia and the next morning decided to pay a visit to the Qingtongxia Reservoir, near which are 108 pagodas that we wanted to see.[...] Apart from its pagodas, Qingtongxia is also renowned for its 44 temples located in Niushou (Ox Head) Mountain, plus its prairies, forests and vast expanses of reed marshes.
At five in the morning on August 28, during the brief incapacity of Zhou Enlai due to severe angina, Kang Sheng approved a plan of action for Ningxia submitted by the Lanzhou MR: the increasingly serious conflict between two Muslim factions paralyzing Qingtongxia county was—once all other options had been exhausted—to be resolved by having the PLA open fire on civilians. Kang quickly blamed local “party power-holders taking the capitalist road” for the bloodbath that ensued but also expressed regret at the “casualties on both sides,” dismissing as unfounded “rumor” a claim that the total number of dead had been “more than 400.” Eventually, three weeks after the event, he was able to defend himself by saying that the resolution of the Qingtongxia “issue” had been endorsed by Mao and Lin Biao, but what remains unclear is when that endorsement was given, before or after the event. A post-Cultural Revolution official inquiry by the central authorities into Kang Sheng’s involvement in the incident determined that the PLA shot dead 101 and wounded 133 members of “the masses.” An official history produced in Ningxia describes the incident as one involving two opposing factions of the “masses” and has it that the PLA shot dead 104 and wounded 133 members of one of these factions.
Here again, a major problem is decentralization. Beijing has faced difficulties enforcing local compliance with new federal regulations. When the central government announced its ambitious campaign to decrease energy consumption, officials in regional capitals like Qingtongxia got straight to work— not to comply, according to Howard French of the New York Times, but rather to find creative ways to avoid the requirements.
2021 August 13, “Russian defence minister praises cooperation with China at joint wargames”, in Reuters[6], archived from the original on 13 August 2021[7]:
Russian army members take part in the Sibu/Cooperation-2021 joint drills in Qingtongxia, Ningxia Autonomous Region, China, August 13, 2021.
