North: Heilungkiang, 140,000 square miles. Population, 2,000,000. Capital, Tsitsihar, or, in Chinese, Pukwei; chief mart, Aigun, on the Amur, forty miles below Blagoveschensk (destroyed by the Russians in 1900).
Heilungkiang Province.[…] The Chinese have colonised a considerable area about Hulan, reaching to 100 miles north of the Sungari. Here are several prosperous towns, with an export trade similar to that on the south bank. Beyond this area the government is still purely Manchu. The capital is Tsitsihar or Pukwei, around which a settled population is found. Thence to the Amur are a few garrison towns, and in the extreme north are the gold mines of Moho.
1914, Wu Lien-Teh, “North Manchurian Plague Prevention Service”, in Wu Lien-Teh, editor, North Manchurian Plague Prevention Service Reports (1911-1913)[5], →OCLC, page 117[6]:
I travelled to Pukwei on December 2nd to pay my respects to the Tutuh of Heilungkiang (Mr Sung Hsiao Lien), and after consultation with Mr Chang Shou Tseng, Director of the Foreign Bureau (formerly Prefect of Lupinfu) suggested that the balance of the funds which had been appropriated for the building of the Manchouli Hospital be passed over to the Service for the construction of the Taheiho Hospital next spring.
1917, “The Provinces and Dependencies”, in W. Feldwick, editor, Present Day Impressions of the Far East and Prominent & Progressive Chinese at Home and Abroad[7], →OCLC, page 164, column 3:
Tsitsihar, or Pukwei, is the capital of Heilungkiang, its chief mart being Aigun, on the Amur.
